Script | Spoken-Tutorial - User contributions [en]

Scilab---FOSSEE-Optimisation-Toolbox/C2/Installation-of-FOSSEE-Optimization-Toolbox/English

2022-02-07T16:35:37Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

'''Title of script''': Installation of '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox'''

'''Author: Harpreet Singh, Georgey John, Rupak Rokade and Anandajith T S'''

'''Keywords:Scilab, FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox, Installation, FOT, Optimization Theory'''
{|border=1
! '''Visual Cue'''
! '''Narration'''
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Title Slide'''
| Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on “'''Installation of FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox in Scilab'''”.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Learning Objectives'''
|In this tutorial, we will learn how to:

*'''Install''' the '''FOSSEE Optimization''' '''Toolbox'''.
*'''Execute''' a few '''examples''' using the '''toolbox'''.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''System Requirements'''
|To record this tutorial, I am using

*'''Ubuntu 18.04''' as the operating system and
*'''Scilab 6.1.0'''
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Installation Requirements'''
|For the '''installation'''-
*We require a working '''Internet connection'''.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Pre-requisite'''
|Before practising this tutorial, a learner should have :
*Basic knowledge of '''Scilab''' and '''Optimization Theory'''.

For '''Scilab''', please refer to the '''Scilab''' tutorials available on the '''Spoken Tutorial''' website.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''What is FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox?'''
| '''What is FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox?'''
*'''FOT''' is a '''toolbox''' in '''Scilab.'''
*It solves '''optimization''' problems using '''functions''' like '''linprog, fmincon''' and many others.
*It can solve '''Linear Programming, Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, Quadratic Programming, Nonlinear Programming, minimax, goal-attain, least squares''' and '''Minimization/maximization''' with or without '''constraints''' problems.
|-
|

|There are several ways to '''install''' the '''toolbox. '''

I will demonstrate one of the ways.

|-
|'''Scilab console'''>> type '''atomsGui''' >> press '''Enter'''
|Open '''Scilab'''.

In the '''Scilab console,''' type '''atomsGui''' and press '''Enter.'''

|-
|'''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window

Point to '''Categories''' list on the left.
|This will open the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window.

You will see a '''Categories''' list on the left side.
|-
|Click once on the '''Optimization''' category
|Click once on the '''Optimization category'''.

|-
|Point to the '''toolboxes'''
|This will show the '''toolboxes''' available in the '''Optimization category'''.
|-
|Click once on the '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox'''
|Click once on the '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox.'''

|-
|Point to the '''toolbox''' on the right

Scroll up
|This will show the details of this '''toolbox''' on the right side of the window.

Scroll up until you see the '''Changelog statement'''.
|-
|Point to the version no.
|Make sure that the topmost version shown under '''Changelog,''' is the latest version.

At the time of recording, the latest version of '''FOT''' for me is version '''0.4'''
|-
|Open a web browser >> type the url

[https://atoms.scilab.org/ ''https://atoms.scilab.org/'']

>> press '''Enter'''
|Now how does one confirm which version of '''FOT''' is the latest?

To find out, open a '''web browser''' and type the url '''https://atoms.scilab.org/'''

And press '''Enter.'''
|-
|'''atoms web page.'''
|This will open the '''atoms web page.'''
|-
| In the '''search bar >>''' type '''fot''' >> press '''Enter'''
|
In the '''search bar''' type, '''fot''' and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|Point to '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox''' in the search result >> click on it
|You can see '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox''' in the search result. Click on it.

|-
|Highlight the version no.
|Notice that the version shown is '''0.4''' which is the latest version.
|-
|Switch to the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window.
|Now switch to the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window.
|-
|Click on the '''File''' menu >> click on '''Update List of Packages'''
|Do the following if you see an older version of '''FOT''' as the topmost version under '''Changelog.'''

On the top left corner of the window, click on '''File menu'''.

Then click on '''Update List of Packages'''.
|-
|Pop up window appears showing a '''progress bar'''.

|This will open a pop up window showing a '''progress bar'''.

It is updating the list of '''packages'''.
|-
|Pop up window closes automatically >> '''Scilab console''' says "Finished"
|After the popup window closes automatically, check the '''Scilab console'''.

If the update fails and you see any error messages, restart '''Scilab''' and repeat the steps.

For me, it says it has finished '''scan'''ning the '''repository'''.
|-
|
|If the '''toolbox''' version shown in the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window is the latest one, we can '''install''' it.

|-
|Click on the '''Install''' button
|At the bottom of the window, click on the '''Install''' button.

If the '''installation''' is successful, '''Installation Done''' message appears at the bottom.

After this, it is required to '''restart Scilab'''.

Upon '''restart''', the '''FOT toolbox''' will get loaded automatically.
|-
| Restart '''Scilab'''

'''FOT toolbox''' will get loaded automatically
|I have '''restart'''ed '''Scilab'''.

Notice that the '''FOT toolbox''' gets loaded on startup.
|-
|
|Let us now run a few examples to confirm if the '''installation''' was successful.
|-
| Type '''help''' in '''Scilab console''' >> press '''Enter.'''
|
Type '''help''' in the '''Scilab console''' and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|'''Help''' window opens >> on the left scroll to bottom of TOC
|This will open the '''Help''' window.

Scroll to the bottom of '''Table Of Contents''' on the left hand side.
|-
| Click on '''FOSSEE_Optimization_Toolbox'''
|Click on '''FOSSEE_Optimization_Toolbox '''
|-
|Point to '''help''' contents on this '''toolbox''' on the right
|This will open the '''Help''' contents on this '''toolbox''' on the right hand side.
|-
| Click on the '''fot_fmincon''' function.
|Click on the '''fot_fmincon function'''.

This '''function''' is used to solve a general '''nonlinear optimization''' problem.
|-
|Scroll down

Point to the first example.
Click on the '''Execute''' button
|Scroll down until you reach the '''Examples''' section.

Let us execute the first example.

Scroll to the right until you see the '''Execute''' button on the first example.

Click on the '''Execute''' button.
|-
| Switch to the '''Scilab''' console.
|Switch to the '''Scilab console'''.

You can see that the example got '''executed''' successfully.

Some of the values displayed on my '''console''' may differ from what you get.

You can safely ignore this.

Now let us '''execute''' one more example.
|-
|Switch to the '''Help''' window

Click on '''fot_linprog'''
|Switch to the '''Help''' window.

On the left hand side, scroll down and click on '''fot_linprog'''
|-
|Scroll down

Click on the '''Execute''' button
|On the right hand side, scroll down until you reach the '''Examples''' section.

Let us '''execute''' the first example.

Scroll to the right if needed, until you see the '''Execute''' button on the first example.

Click on the '''Execute''' button.
|-
|Switch to the '''Scilab''' console.
|Switch to the '''Scilab console'''.

You can see that the example got '''executed''' successfully.

Some of the values displayed on my '''console''' may differ from what you get.

You can safely ignore this.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Summary'''
|This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarise.

In this tutorial, we have learnt to:

*'''Install''' the '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox'''.
*'''Execute''' examples from the '''Help menu''' in the '''toolbox'''.
|-
|Show Slide: '''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
|The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
|-
|Show Slide: '''Spoken Tutorial Workshops'''
|The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''
|Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer.

You will have to register to ask questions.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Forum for specific questions:'''
|The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.

Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them.

This will help reduce the clutter.

With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.
|-
|Show Slide: '''FOSSEE Forum'''
|For any general or technical questions on '''Scilab''', visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Textbook Companion project.'''
|The FOSSEE team coordinates the Textbook Companion project.

We give Certificates and Honorarium to the contributors.

For more details, please visit this site.
|-
|Show Slide: '''Lab Migration'''
|The FOSSEE team coordinates the Lab Migration project.

For more details, please visit this site.
|-
|Show Slide: '''Acknowledgement'''
|Spoken Tutorial and FOSSEE projects are funded by MoE, Government of India.
|-
|Show Slide: Thank You
|The script has been created by FOSSEE Team, IIT Bombay.

And the video for this tutorial was created by '''Anandajith T S,''' FOSSEE intern 2021.

Thanks for joining.
|}

Scilab---FOSSEE-Optimisation-Toolbox/C2/Installation-of-FOSSEE-Optimization-Toolbox/English

2022-02-07T16:31:42Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

'''Title of script''': Installation of '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox'''

'''Author: Harpreet Singh, Georgey John, Rupak Rokade and Anandajith T S'''

'''Keywords:Scilab, FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox, Installation, FOT, Optimization Theory'''
{|border=1
! '''Visual Cue'''
! '''Narration'''
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Title Slide'''
| Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on “'''Installation of FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox in Scilab'''”.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Learning Objectives'''
|In this tutorial, we will learn how to:

*'''Install''' the '''FOSSEE Optimization''' '''Toolbox'''.
*'''Execute''' a few '''examples''' using the '''toolbox'''.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''System Requirements'''
|To record this tutorial, I am using

*'''Ubuntu 18.04''' as the operating system and
*'''Scilab 6.1.0'''
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Installation Requirements'''
|For the '''installation'''-
*We require a working '''Internet connection'''.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Pre-requisite'''
|Before practising this tutorial, a learner should have :
*Basic knowledge of '''Scilab''' and '''Optimization Theory'''.

For '''Scilab''', please refer to the '''Scilab''' tutorials available on the '''Spoken Tutorial''' website.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''What is FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox?'''
| '''What is FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox?'''
*'''FOT''' is a '''toolbox''' in '''Scilab.'''
*It solves '''optimization''' problems using '''functions''' like '''linprog, fmincon''' and many others.
*It can solve '''Linear Programming, Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, Quadratic Programming, Nonlinear Programming, minimax, goal-attain, least squares''' and '''Minimization/maximization''' with or without '''constraints''' problems.
|-
|

|There are several ways to '''install''' the '''toolbox. '''

I will demonstrate one of the ways.

|-
|'''Scilab console'''>> type '''atomsGui''' >> press '''Enter'''
|Open '''Scilab'''.

In the '''Scilab console,''' type '''atomsGui''' and press '''Enter.'''

|-
|'''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window

Point to '''Categories''' list on the left.
|This will open the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window.

You will see a '''Categories''' list on the left side.
|-
|Click once on the '''Optimization''' category
|Click once on the '''Optimization category'''.

|-
|Point to the '''toolboxes'''
|This will show the '''toolboxes''' available in the '''Optimization category'''.
|-
|Click once on the '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox'''
|Click once on the '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox.'''

|-
|Point to the '''toolbox''' on the right

Scroll up
|This will show the details of this '''toolbox''' on the right side of the window.

Scroll up until you see the '''Changelog statement'''.
|-
|Point to the version no.
|Make sure that the topmost version shown under '''Changelog,''' is the latest version.

At the time of recording, the latest version of '''FOT''' for me is version '''0.4'''
|-
|Open a web browser >> type the url

[https://atoms.scilab.org/ ''https://atoms.scilab.org/'']

>> press '''Enter'''
|Now how does one confirm which version of '''FOT''' is the latest?

To find out, open a '''web browser''' and type the url '''https://atoms.scilab.org/'''

And press '''Enter.'''
|-
|'''atoms web page.'''
|This will open the '''atoms web page.'''
|-
| In the '''search bar >>''' type '''fot''' >> press '''Enter'''
|
In the '''search bar''' type, '''fot''' and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|Point to '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox''' in the search result >> click on it
|You can see '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox''' in the search result. Click on it.

|-
|Highlight the version no.
|Notice that the version shown is '''0.4''' which is the latest version.
|-
|Switch to the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window.
|Now switch to the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window.
|-
|Click on the '''File''' menu >> click on '''Update List of Packages'''
|Do the following if you see an older version of '''FOT''' as the topmost version under '''Changelog.'''

On the top left corner of the window, click on '''File menu'''.

Then click on '''Update List of Packages'''.
|-
|Pop up window appears showing a '''progress bar'''.

|This will open a pop up window showing a '''progress bar'''.

It is updating the list of '''packages'''.
|-
|Pop up window closes automatically >> '''Scilab console''' says "Finished"
|After the popup window closes automatically, check the '''Scilab console'''.

If the update fails and you see any error messages, restart '''Scilab''' and repeat the steps.

For me, it says it has finished '''scan'''ning the '''repository'''.
|-
|
|If the '''toolbox''' version shown in the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window is the latest one, we can '''install''' it.

|-
|Click on the '''Install''' button
|At the bottom of the window, click on the '''Install''' button.

If the '''installation''' is successful, '''Installation Done''' message appears at the bottom.

After this, it is required to '''restart Scilab'''.

Upon '''restart''', the '''FOT toolbox''' will get loaded automatically.
|-
| Restart '''Scilab'''

'''FOT toolbox''' will get loaded automatically
|I have '''restart'''ed '''Scilab'''.

Notice that the '''FOT toolbox''' gets loaded on startup.
|-
|
|Let us now run a few examples to confirm if the '''installation''' was successful.
|-
| Type '''help''' in '''Scilab console''' >> press '''Enter.'''
|
Type '''help''' in the '''Scilab console''' and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|'''Help''' window opens >> on the left scroll to bottom of TOC
|This will open the '''Help''' window.

Scroll to the bottom of '''Table Of Contents''' on the left hand side.
|-
| Click on '''FOSSEE_Optimization_Toolbox'''
|Click on '''FOSSEE_Optimization_Toolbox '''
|-
|Point to '''help''' contents on this '''toolbox''' on the right
|This will open the '''Help''' contents on this '''toolbox''' on the right hand side.
|-
| Click on the '''fot_fmincon''' function.
|Click on the '''fot_fmincon function'''.

This '''function''' is used to solve a general '''nonlinear optimization''' problem.
|-
|Scroll down

Point to the first example.
Click on the '''Execute''' button
|Scroll down until you reach the '''Examples''' section.

Let us execute the first example.

Scroll to the right until you see the '''Execute''' button on the first example.

Click on the '''Execute''' button.
|-
| Switch to the '''Scilab''' console.
|Switch to the '''Scilab console'''.

You can see that the example got '''executed''' successfully.

Some of the values displayed on my '''console''' may differ from what you get.

You can safely ignore this.

Now let us '''execute''' one more example.
|-
|Switch to the '''Help''' window

Click on '''fot_linprog'''
|Switch to the '''Help''' window.

On the left hand side, scroll down and click on '''fot_linprog'''
|-
|Scroll down

Click on the '''Execute''' button
|On the right hand side, scroll down until you reach the '''Examples''' section.

Let us '''execute''' the first example.

Scroll to the right if needed, until you see the '''Execute''' button on the first example.

Click on the '''Execute''' button.
|-
|Switch to the '''Scilab''' console.
|Switch to the '''Scilab console'''.

You can see that the example got '''executed''' successfully.

Some of the values displayed on my '''console''' may differ from what you get.

You can safely ignore this.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Summary'''
|This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarise.

In this tutorial, we have learnt to:

*'''Install''' the '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox'''.
*'''Execute''' examples from the '''Help menu''' in the '''toolbox'''.
|-
|Show Slide: '''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
|The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it
|-
|Show Slide: '''Spoken Tutorial Workshops'''
|The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''
|Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question

Explain your question briefly

The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer

You will have to register to ask questions
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Forum for specific questions:'''
|The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.

Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them.

This will help reduce the clutter.

With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.
|-
|Show Slide: '''FOSSEE Forum'''
|For any general or technical questions on '''Scilab''', visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Textbook Companion project.'''
|The FOSSEE team coordinates the Textbook Companion project.

We give Certificates and Honorarium to the contributors.

For more details, please visit this site.
|-
|Show Slide: '''Lab Migration'''
|The FOSSEE team coordinates the Lab Migration project.

For more details, please visit this site.
|-
|Show Slide: '''Acknowledgement'''
|Spoken Tutorial and FOSSEE projects are funded by MoE, Government of India.
|-
|Show Slide: Thank You
|The script has been created by FOSSEE Team, IIT Bombay.

And the video for this tutorial was created by '''Anandajith T S,''' FOSSEE intern 2021.

Thanks for joining.
|}

Scilab---FOSSEE-Optimisation-Toolbox/C2/Installation-of-FOSSEE-Optimization-Toolbox/English

2022-02-07T16:24:38Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

'''Title of script''': Installation of '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox'''

'''Author: Harpreet Singh, Georgey John, Rupak Rokade and Anandajith T S'''

'''Keywords:Scilab, FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox, Installation, FOT, Optimization Theory'''
{|border=1
! '''Visual Cue'''
! '''Narration'''
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Title Slide'''
| Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on “'''Installation of FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox in Scilab'''”.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Learning Objectives'''
|In this tutorial, we will learn how to:

*'''Install''' the '''FOSSEE Optimization''' '''Toolbox'''.
*'''Execute''' a few '''examples''' using the '''toolbox'''.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''System Requirements'''
|To record this tutorial, I am using

*'''Ubuntu 18.04''' as the operating system and
*'''Scilab 6.1.0'''
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Installation Requirements'''
|For the '''installation'''-
*We require a working '''Internet connection'''.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Pre-requisite'''
|Before practising this tutorial, a learner should have :
*Basic knowledge of '''Scilab''' and '''Optimization Theory'''.

For '''Scilab''', please refer to the '''Scilab''' tutorials available on the '''Spoken Tutorial''' website.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''What is FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox?'''
| '''What is FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox?'''
*'''FOT''' is a '''toolbox''' in '''Scilab.'''
*It solves '''optimization''' problems using '''functions''' like '''linprog, fmincon''' and many others.
*It can solve '''Linear Programming, Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, Quadratic Programming, Nonlinear Programming, minimax, goal-attain, least squares''' and '''Minimization/maximization''' with or without '''constraints''' problems.
|-
|

|There are several ways to '''install''' the '''toolbox. '''

I will demonstrate one of the ways.

|-
|'''Scilab console'''>> type '''atomsGui''' >> press '''Enter'''
|Open '''Scilab'''.

In the '''Scilab console,''' type '''atomsGui''' and press '''Enter.'''

|-
|'''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window

Point to '''Categories''' list on the left.
|This will open the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window.

You will see a '''Categories''' list on the left side.
|-
|Click once on the '''Optimization''' category
|Click once on the '''Optimization category'''.

|-
|Point to the '''toolboxes'''
|This will show the '''toolboxes''' available in the '''Optimization category'''.
|-
|Click once on the '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox'''
|Click once on the '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox.'''

|-
|Point to the '''toolbox''' on the right

Scroll up
|This will show the details of this '''toolbox''' on the right side of the window.

Scroll up until you see the '''Changelog statement'''.
|-
|Point to the version no.
|Make sure that the topmost version shown under '''Changelog,''' is the latest version.

At the time of recording, the latest version of '''FOT''' for me is version '''0.4'''
|-
|Open a web browser >> type the url

[https://atoms.scilab.org/ ''https://atoms.scilab.org/'']

>> press '''Enter'''
|Now how does one confirm which version of '''FOT''' is the latest?

To find out, open a '''web browser''' and type the url '''https://atoms.scilab.org/'''

And press '''Enter.'''
|-
|'''atoms web page.'''
|This will open the '''atoms web page.'''
|-
| In the '''search bar >>''' type '''fot''' >> press '''Enter'''
|
In the '''search bar''' type, '''fot''' and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|Point to '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox''' in the search result >> click on it
|You can see '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox''' in the search result. Click on it.

|-
|Highlight the version no.
|Notice that the version shown is '''0.4''' which is the latest version.
|-
|Switch to the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window.
|Now switch to the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window.
|-
|Click on the '''File''' menu >> click on '''Update List of Packages'''
|Do the following if you see an older version of '''FOT''' as the topmost version under '''Changelog.'''

On the top left corner of the window, click on '''File menu'''.

Then click on '''Update List of Packages'''.
|-
|Pop up window appears showing a '''progress bar'''.

|This will open a pop up window showing a '''progress bar'''.

It is updating the list of '''packages'''.
|-
|Pop up window closes automatically >> '''Scilab console''' says "Finished"
|After the popup closes automatically, check the '''Scilab console'''.

If the update fails and you see any error messages, restart '''Scilab''' and repeat the steps.

For me, it says it has finished '''scan'''ning the '''repository'''.
|-
|
|If the '''toolbox''' version shown in the '''Module Manager- ATOMS''' window is the latest one, we can '''install''' it.

|-
|Click on the '''Install''' button
|At the bottom of the window, click on the '''Install''' button.

If the '''installation''' is successful, '''Installation Done''' message appears at the bottom.

After this, it is required to '''restart Scilab'''.

Upon '''restart''', the '''FOT toolbox''' will get loaded automatically.
|-
| Restart '''Scilab'''

'''FOT toolbox''' will get loaded automatically
|I have '''restart'''ed '''Scilab'''.

Notice that the '''FOT toolbox''' gets loaded on startup.
|-
|
|Let us now run a few examples to confirm if the '''installation''' was successful.
|-
| Type '''help''' in '''Scilab console''' >> press '''Enter.'''
|
Type '''help''' in the '''Scilab console''' and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|'''Help''' window opens >> on the left scroll to bottom of TOC
|This will open the '''Help''' window.

Scroll to the bottom of '''Table Of Contents''' on the left hand side.
|-
| Click on '''FOSSEE_Optimization_Toolbox'''
|Click on '''FOSSEE_Optimization_Toolbox '''
|-
|Point to '''help''' contents on this '''toolbox''' on the right
|This will open the '''Help''' contents on this '''toolbox''' on the right hand side.
|-
| Click on the '''fot_fmincon''' function.
|Click on the '''fot_fmincon function'''.

This '''function''' is used to solve a general '''nonlinear optimization''' problem.
|-
|Scroll down

Point to the first example.
Click on the '''Execute''' button
|Scroll down until you reach the '''Examples''' section.

Let us execute the first example.

Scroll to the right until you see the '''Execute''' button on the first example.

Click on the '''Execute''' button.
|-
| Switch to the '''Scilab''' console.
|Switch to the '''Scilab console'''.

You can see that the example got '''executed''' successfully.

Some of the values displayed on my '''console''' may differ from what you get.

You can safely ignore this.

Now let us '''execute''' one more example.
|-
|Switch to the '''Help''' window

Click on '''fot_linprog'''
|Switch to the '''Help''' window.

On the left hand side, scroll down and click on '''fot_linprog'''
|-
|Scroll down

Click on the '''Execute''' button
|On the right hand side, scroll down until you reach the '''Examples''' section.

Let us '''execute''' the first example.

Scroll to the right if needed, until you see the '''Execute''' button on the first example.

Click on the '''Execute''' button.
|-
|Switch to the '''Scilab''' console.
|Switch to the '''Scilab console'''.

You can see that the example got '''executed''' successfully.

Some of the values displayed on my '''console''' may differ from what you get.

You can safely ignore this.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Summary'''
|This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarise.

In this tutorial, we have learnt to:

*'''Install''' the '''FOSSEE Optimization Toolbox'''.
*'''Execute''' examples from the '''Help menu''' in the '''toolbox'''.
|-
|Show Slide: '''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
|The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it
|-
|Show Slide: '''Spoken Tutorial Workshops'''
|The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''
|Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question

Explain your question briefly

The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer

You will have to register to ask questions
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Forum for specific questions:'''
|The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.

Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them.

This will help reduce the clutter.

With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.
|-
|Show Slide: '''FOSSEE Forum'''
|For any general or technical questions on '''Scilab''', visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
|-
|Show Slide:

'''Textbook Companion project.'''
|The FOSSEE team coordinates the Textbook Companion project.

We give Certificates and Honorarium to the contributors.

For more details, please visit this site.
|-
|Show Slide: '''Lab Migration'''
|The FOSSEE team coordinates the Lab Migration project.

For more details, please visit this site.
|-
|Show Slide: '''Acknowledgement'''
|Spoken Tutorial and FOSSEE projects are funded by MoE, Government of India.
|-
|Show Slide: Thank You
|The script has been created by FOSSEE Team, IIT Bombay.

And the video for this tutorial was created by '''Anandajith T S,''' FOSSEE intern 2021.

Thanks for joining.
|}

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Normal-Coil/English

2021-06-30T04:48:25Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Normal-Coil/English

2021-06-30T04:48:01Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/OpenPLC-Traffic-Light-and-Switchboard-Modules/English

2021-06-30T04:47:00Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

{| border="1"
|-
|| '''VISUAL CUE'''
|| '''NARRATION'''
|-
|| Slide 1: Welcome Slide
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''OpenPLC Traffic Light & Switchboard modules.'''
|-
|| Slide 2: Learning Objectives
* OpenPLC''' '''Traffic light module
* OpenPLC Switchboard module

|| In this tutorial, we will learn about
* '''OpenPLC Traffic light''' module
* '''OpenPLC Switchboard''' module
|-
|| Slide 3: System Requirements
* Ubuntu Linux 18.04 operating system
* OpenPLC Traffic light module
* OpenPLC Switchboard module
* OpenPLC Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS

|| To record this tutorial I am using:
* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''OpenPLC''' '''Traffic light''' module
* '''OpenPLC Switchboard''' module
* '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
|-
|| Slide 4: Pre-requisites
* OpenPLC Mainboard
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

||
* To follow this tutorial, you should know about '''OpenPLC''' '''Mainboard'''.
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
||
|| First we will learn about the '''OpenPLC Traffic light module'''.
|-
|| Slide 5: Traffic Light module

This '''module''' is used to
* implement the working of '''traffic lights'''
* visualize the status of any process with the '''built-in LEDs'''
||
This '''module''' is used to
* implement the working of '''traffic lights''' and
* visualize the status of any process with the '''built-in LEDs'''.

|-
|| Traffic.jpg

|| This is a picture of the '''Traffic light module'''.

This '''module''' replicates a '''traffic light'''.

It has one red '''LED''' marked as '''STOP''' and one yellow '''LED''' marked as '''READY'''.

At the bottom, it has 3 green '''LEDs''' marked as '''LEFT, GO '''and''' RIGHT.'''
|-
|| led-connectors.png

|| You can access all these '''LEDs''' using the '''connectors''' present below.
|-
|| traffic-sled.png or (traffic.jpg)

|| The red '''LED''' can also be accessed through the two '''connectors''' on the right of it.

If you want to use a single '''LED''' you can use these '''connectors'''.
|-
||
|| Let us see how to do simple experiments using a single '''LED'''.
|-
|| traffic.jpg
|| The '''anode''' and '''cathode''' of the red '''LED''' are given as '''connectors''' to the right of it.

The '''anode''' is marked as '''+5V''' and '''cathode''' as '''GND''', which is '''Ground'''.
|-
|-
||

|| These '''connectors''' can be connected in 3 different ways.

We will see one by one.
|-
|| traffic.jpg

|| We can connect '''+5V pin''' to '''5V''' and '''GND pin''' to any '''I/O pin''' of the '''microcontroller'''.
|-
|| traffic.jpg
|| Connect '''GND pin''' to 0V and '''+5V pin''' to any '''I/O pin''' of the '''microcontroller'''.
|-
|| traffic.jpg
|| Otherwise connect both '''+5V''' and '''GND pins''' to the '''I/O pins''' of the '''microcontroller'''.
|-
|| Led-connectors.png

traffic.jpg image
|| We will see how to use '''LEDs''' with the '''connectors''' at the bottom of the '''module'''.

Each '''LED’s cathode''' is taken out through the '''connectors''' at the bottom of the '''module'''.

Note that the rightmost '''pin''' marked as '''‘EN’''' is not an '''LED connector'''.
|-
|-
|| Led-connectors.png

traffic.jpg image
|| Each '''connector''' is marked with the first letter of the respective '''LED''' name.

We will see one by one starting from right.
# '''Ri''' is for green '''LED''' marked as '''RIGHT'''
# '''S''' is for red '''LED''' marked as '''STOP'''
# '''Re''' is for yellow '''LED''' marked as '''READY'''
# '''G''' is for green '''LED''' marked as '''GO'''
# '''L''' is for green '''LED''' marked as '''LEFT'''.

|-
|| traffic-enable.png
|| '''‘EN’''' is an '''active low enable pin''' which enables all the '''LED pins'''.

To the left of the yellow '''LED''', we can find a '''connector''' marked '''+5V'''.

This is the '''power pin''' of the '''module'''.

That is, none of the '''LED''' glows unless you make these two connections.
|-
|| Slide 6: LED to glow
* +5V pin should be given 5V.
* EN and the respective '''LED''' pin should be grounded or given a logic-low signal.

|| Therefore, for any '''LED''' to glow you should follow the below:
# '''+5V pin''' should be given '''5V'''.
# '''EN''' and the respective '''LED pin''' should be '''ground'''ed or given a '''logic-low signal'''.

|-
||
|| Now we’ll see the working of the '''module'''.
|-
|| Slide 7: How can the '''Traffic Light module''' be powered?

'''Traffic Light module''' can be powered using the output power pins of the Mainboard
|| How can the '''Traffic Light module''' be powered?

It can be powered using the output '''power pins''' of the '''Mainboard'''.
|-
|| SMPS-Mainboard.jpg - add in editing
|| Connect the '''SMPS''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown here.
|-
|| led-connectors.png
|| First we will see the demo of this '''module''' using the '''connectors''' available at the bottom.
|-
|| demo1.png

Point to the image as per narration
|| Connect '''5V''' to the '''power pin''' i.e. '''+5V pin''' to the left of the yellow '''LED'''.

Connect '''0V''' to the '''‘EN’ pin'''.

Then, connect '''0V''' to any of the '''LEDs'''.

I’m connecting it to the '''pins''' marked '''‘G’''', '''‘Re’''' and '''‘S’'''.
|-
|| demo1.png
|| Make the connections as shown in the picture.

Remember to turn '''off''' the '''power supply''' when you change or make new connections.
|-
|| Turn '''on''' the '''power supply'''
|| After making all the connections turn '''on''' the '''power supply''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

The red, yellow and middle green '''LED''' has started glowing.
|-
||
|| Do not use '''I/O pins''' of the '''Mainboard''' to power up the '''pin''' marked '''+5V'''.

Because it may affect the intensity of the '''LED'''.
|-
|| Disconnect the '''‘EN’ pin'''
|| Now disconnect the '''‘EN’ pin'''.

We can observe that all '''LEDs''' go '''off'''.
|-
|| Turn '''off''' the '''power supply'''
|| Turn '''off''' the '''power supply'''.
|-
|| traffic-sled.png
|| Next, we will see the demo on how to use this '''module''' when a single '''LED''' is needed.
|-
|| demo2.png
|| Connect '''5V''' to the '''+5V pin''' on the right of the red '''LED'''.

Connect '''0V''' to the '''pin''' marked '''GND'''.
|-
|| Turn '''on''' the '''power supply'''
|| Turn '''on''' the '''power supply'''.

This will make only the red '''LED''' to glow.

Thus, there is no need to connect power and enable '''pins''' for this connection.
|-
|| Turn '''off''' the '''power supply'''
|| Turn '''off''' the '''power supply'''.
|-
||
|| We have seen how '''Traffic light module''' can be used in different ways.
|-
||
|| Now we’ll learn about the '''OpenPLC Switchboard module'''.
|-
|| Slide 5: Switchboard module
* The goal of this '''module''' is to get familiarized with different types of '''switches'''
* In particular their usage in the real time applications in industries
||

The goal of this '''module''' is to get familiarized with different types of '''switches'''.

In particular their usage in the real time applications in industries.
|-
|| Slide 6: Main Components
* 4 Normally Open '''switches'''
* 4 Normally Closed '''switches'''
* 2 '''Latched action switches''' and
* '''LEDs''' for each '''switch'''

|| This module has
* 4 Normally Open '''switches'''
* 4 Normally Closed '''switches'''
* 2 '''Latched action switches''' and
* '''LEDs''' for each '''switch'''

|-
|| switchboard.jpg
|| This is the '''Switchboard module'''.
|-
|| Slide 7: Types of Switches:
* Normally open (NO)
* Normally closed (NC)
* Latched action (L)

|| In this '''module''', there are three kinds of '''switches''' available.

They are '''Normally Open, Normally Closed '''and''' Latched action switches.'''

'''Normally Open''' is represented as '''NO''' and '''Normally Closed''' is represented as '''NC'''.

'''Latched action switches''' are represented as '''L'''.
|-
|| SB-switches.png
|| We will now look at their arrangement on the '''module''' from bottom to top.
|-
|| SB-switches.png

Highlight Latch switches

Then NC and then NO
|| At the bottom, we have two '''Latched action switches'''.

Above that we have 4 '''Normally Closed''' and then 4 '''Normally Open switches'''.
|-
|| SB-leds.png

|| Above these '''switches''' we have '''LEDs''' corresponding to each '''switch'''.

The '''LEDs''' are arranged in the same order as that of '''switches'''.
|-
||
|| Each '''LED''' glow indicates a corresponding '''switch''' press.
|-
|| SB-connectors.png
|| On the top we have '''female berg connectors''' for connections.
|-
|| SB-connectors-z.png

Point to each particular pin
|| Next, we will see about the '''pins'''.

Starting from the right, the first two '''pins''' are '''GND''' and '''5V''' respectively.

These are the input '''power pins''' of this '''module.'''

Then we have 4 '''pins''' for 4 '''NO switches '''and 4 pins for 4 '''NC switches.'''

The last 2 '''pins''' are for 2 '''latched action switches'''.
|-
|| Slide 8: Important Note
* NO and latched action '''switches''' must be connected to the '''I/Os''' of the '''microcontroller'''
* Only then the '''LEDs''' of the corresponding '''switches''' will work
* '''LEDs''' of '''NC switches''' will work, even if they are not connected to '''I/Os'''

|| '''NO''' and '''Latched action switches''' must be connected to the '''I/Os''' of the '''microcontroller'''.

Only then the '''LEDs''' of the corresponding '''switches''' will work.

LEDs of '''NC switches''' will work, even if they are not connected to the '''I/Os''' of the '''microcontroller'''.
|-
||
|| Now, we’ll learn how each type of the '''switch''' works.
|-
|| Slide 9: Normally Open Switch
* The output '''pin''' of a '''NO switch '''will read '''logic 0''' when it is not pressed
* When the '''switch''' is pressed, the output '''pin''' will read '''5V'''
* This is due to the supply from the '''microcontroller'''’s internal '''pull up register'''

|| The output '''pin''' of a '''NO switch '''will read '''logic 0''' when it is not pressed.

When the '''switch''' is pressed, the output '''pin''' will read '''5V'''.

This is due to the supply from the '''microcontroller'''’s internal '''pull up register'''.
|-
|| Slide 10: Normally Closed switch
* The output '''pin''' of a '''NC switch''' will read '''5V''' when it is not pressed
* This is due to the supply from the '''microcontroller'''’s internal '''pull up register'''
* Upon '''switch''' press, the output '''pin''' will read '''logic 0''' or '''ground'''

|| The output '''pin''' of a '''NC switch''' will read '''5V''' when it is not pressed.

This is due to the supply from the '''microcontroller'''’s internal '''pull up register'''.

Upon '''switch''' press, the output '''pin''' will read '''logic 0''' or '''ground'''.
|-
|| Slide 11: Latched action switch
* It is basically a '''push-to-make, push-to-break''' type of '''switch'''
* That is, the output '''pin''' will read '''5V''', when it is pressed for the first time
* The output '''pin''' will read '''0V''', when it is pressed for the second time

|| '''Latched action switch''' is basically a '''push-to-make, push-to-break''' type of '''switch'''.

That is, the output '''pin''' will read '''5V''', when it is pressed for the first time.

The output '''pin''' will read '''0V''', when it is pressed for the second time.

Working of the '''LED''' of a''' latched action switch '''corresponds to that of a''' NO switch.'''
|-
|| Slide 12: How can the Switchboard module be powered?

'''Switchboard module''' can be powered using the output '''power pins''' of the '''Mainboard'''
|| How can the '''Switchboard module''' be powered?

It can be powered using the output '''power pins''' of the '''Mainboard'''.
|-
||
|| We have learnt about the different types of '''switches''' in the '''Switchboard module'''.
|-
||
|| Using these '''modules''' we will learn about '''LDmicro''' instructions on '''OpenPLC''' in future tutorials.
|-
||
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.
|-
|| Slide 8: Summary
* '''OpenPLC Traffic light module'''
* '''OpenPLC Switchboard module'''

|| In this tutorial, we learnt about
* '''OpenPLC Traffic light module'''
* '''OpenPLC Switchboard module'''
|-
|| Slide 9: About

Spoken Tutorial project
|| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it
|-
|| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
|| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:
*conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
*gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.
|-
|| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
|| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
|-
|| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
|-
|| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
|| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from the FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.
|-
|}

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Programming-OpenPLC/English

2021-06-30T04:43:24Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/OpenPLC-Mainboard/English

2021-06-30T04:42:23Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/OpenPLC-Mainboard/English

2021-06-30T04:42:07Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/OpenPLC-Mainboard/English

2021-06-18T13:30:50Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Simulation-and-Compilation/English

2021-06-18T13:29:55Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
Welcome Slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Simulation and Compilation''' in '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning Objectives

* '''Simulate''' a '''ladder''' diagram
* '''Compile''' a '''ladder''' diagram in '''LDmicro'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn how to

* '''Simulate''' a '''ladder''' diagram and
* '''Compile''' a '''ladder''' diagram in '''LDmicro'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3:

System Requirements

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 operating system
* '''LDmicro'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* How to create a '''ladder''' diagram in '''LDmicro'''
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should know

* How to create a '''ladder''' diagram in '''LDmicro'''.
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First we will know about''' LDmicro simulator.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5:

LDmicro - Simulator

* '''LDmicro''' has an '''in-built simulator'''
* It helps us to verify '''ladder''' diagram before experimenting on the actual hardware.
* It reduces the hardware damage due to improper code

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* '''LDmicro''' has an '''in-built simulator'''.
* It helps us to verify '''ladder''' diagram before experimenting on the actual hardware.
* It reduces the hardware damage due to improper code.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| narration
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see how to '''simulate''' a '''ladder''' diagram.

We will use the '''ladder''' diagram file, '''sample.ld '''which we created earlier.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Code Files - sample.ld

* The file '''sample.ld '''used in this tutorial is available in the '''Code files''' link of this tutorial page.
* Please download and use them while practising

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The file '''sample.ld''' is available in the '''Code files''' link of this tutorial.

Please download and use them while practising.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘File -> Open’

Select the file

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''File '''and then''' Open.'''

Select the file '''sample.ld '''from the location where you have saved.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on “Simulate -> Simulation Mode”
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''Simulate '''then on '''Simulation Mode'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight first rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''Simulation Mode''', the whole '''ladder''' diagram changes to gray.

The cursor also disappears.

We can’t place an instruction in the '''Simulation Mode'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight second rung

Highlight first rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The instructions that are energized appear in bright red color.

The instructions that are not energized appear in gray color.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight second rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here, the '''LED2''' is energized as it is directly connected to the positive '''rail'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘switch’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The '''LED1''' is not energized.

This is because there is a '''switch''' in between the positive '''rail''' and '''LED1'''.

For '''LED1''' to be energized, '''switch''' should be '''ON'''.

i.e, It should be given value 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on ‘switch’ in I/O list and highlight the I/O list

Double click on ‘switch’ in the editor window and highlight the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can change the state of the '''inputs''' in two ways.

1. Double-click on the list that appears at the bottom of the screen.

We can see that the state changes to 1.

2. Otherwise, double-click on appropriate instruction in the '''ladder''' diagram.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight state of the ‘switch’ in I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Note that '''LED1''' isn’t energized even after changing the state of the '''switch'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This is because the change will not be reflected until the '''PLC cycles'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| For the changes to be reflected, choose either one of the below options.

# '''Simulate -> Start Real Time Simulation''' or
# '''Single cycle''' option.

If you choose ‘'''Single Cycle'''’ option, the '''PLC cycles''' only for one time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Single cycle’

Highlight first rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select ‘'''Single Cycle'''’.

Now we can observe that the first '''rung''' is energized.

That is, '''LED1''' is glowing.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the ‘switch’ in the I/O list

Highlight first rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now again change the state of the ‘'''switch'''’ from 1 to 0.

We can see that the '''LED1''' is still glowing even after the '''switch''' is off.

It means that '''input''' changes are not reflected.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Therefore, we need to choose ‘'''Single Cycle’''' every time we change the '''input''' state.

Use the ‘'''Single Cycle'''’ option when you want to '''debug''' the program step by step.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| But, this is not the case with '''Real-Time Simulation'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Choose ‘Simulation -> Real-Time Simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, select ‘'''Simulate -> Start Real-Time Simulation'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the ‘switch’ in the I/O list

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of the ‘'''switch'''’ from 0 to 1.

We can observe that the state of '''LED1''' changes to 1 immediately.

Thus, the '''outputs''' gets auto-updated according to the '''input''' changes.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Halt Simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can halt '''simulation''' by clicking on ‘'''Simulate -> Halt Simulation'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then click on ‘'''Simulate'''’ and on ‘'''Simulation mode'''’ one more time.

This will turn off the '''simulation mode'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| narration
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next, we’ll see the effects of '''cycle''' time on '''ladder''' diagram.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: Cycle time

It includes

# reading the '''input''' states
# executing the program
# updating the '''outputs'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The '''cycle time''' of a '''PLC''' is the time taken from

# reading the '''input''' states,
# executing the program and
# updating the '''outputs'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we’ll see the effect of '''cycle''' time in '''LDmicro.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings

Click on MCU parameters
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''‘Settings’'''.

Then click on '''MCU parameters.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight cycle time

Change the cycle time to 5s

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| By default, the '''cycle''' time is set to 10 milliseconds.

Change it to 5s i.e. 5000ms.

Then, click on the '''OK''' button in the top right of the window.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode

Click Simulate -> Start Real-time simulation

Double click on Xswitch in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now start''' real time simulation''' as shown.

Change the state of the ‘'''switch'''’ to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to YLED1 state.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| You can observe that the '''LED1''' doesn’t change its state immediately.

Instead it takes upto 5s to get its state updated.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate -> Simulation mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the '''simulation mode''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next, we will see how to '''compile''' a '''ladder''' diagram.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8: Pre-compilation checklist

* '''Microcontroller''' selection
* '''MCU Parameters'''
* '''I/O assignment'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Before '''compiling''', we need to check the following:

* Selection of proper '''microcontroller'''

* Setting '''microcontroller''' parameters

* Assigning '''ports''' to '''I/O''' instructions

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch to '''LDmicro''' interface.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on ‘Settings’ >> Click ‘Microcontroller’

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we’ve to select the part number of the '''microcontroller'''.

In the menu bar, click on '''Settings -> Microcontroller'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the list of microcontrollers

Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here, you can observe the list of supported '''microcontrollers''' by '''LDmicro'''.

I’m using '''Atmel AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

So, I’ll select ‘'''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP'''’.

If you are using a different '''microcontroller''', select accordingly from the menu.

Because different '''microcontrollers''' have different '''hex''' files for the same program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Settings’ >> Click ‘MCU parameters’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now click on '''Settings -> MCU Parameters'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to ‘PLC Configuration’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| ‘'''PLC Configuration'''’ pop-up window appears.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here you can set different parameters.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Cycle time’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the '''cycle''' time value to 10 milliseconds.

10 milliseconds is a good value for most of the applications.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next is '''Crystal Frequency:'''

* We have attached a '''16 MHz external crystal''' in the '''OpenPLC''' hardware.
* So set '''crystal''' frequency to 16 if you are using the same hardware.
* Always set proper values.
* Otherwise it may cause '''communication''' and '''timers''' to behave inappropriately.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Baud rate’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next is '''UART Baud rate''':

By default, it is in disable state.

It will be enabled only when you are using any of the serial instructions.

We will learn about this in detail when we use serial instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After setting the '''microcontroller''' parameters properly, click on the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the default names
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We should change the default names of the instructions before '''compiling''' the '''logic'''.

Please remember this whenever you '''compile''' the '''logic'''.

We have changed the default names for this '''ladder''' diagram in the earlier tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we must assign '''I/O '''pin to each '''I/O''' instruction.

Because different '''I/O''' assignment generates different '''hex''' files.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| On LDmicro interface:

Double-click on ‘switch’ in I/O list

Select ‘PA7’

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To do so, double-click on ‘'''Xswitch'''’ in the '''I/O list'''.

A pop up window opens showing the unallocated pins.

Just select a pin accordingly.

I’ll select ‘'''PA7'''’, which is the 7th pin of '''Port A'''.

Then, click on the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘LED1’ in I/O list

Select ‘PC0’

Click OK

Double-click on ‘LED2’ in I/O list

Select ‘PC1’

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, double-click on '''YLED1''' and assign '''PC0''' as shown.

Then double-click on '''YLED2''' and assign '''PC1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We have assigned '''I/O pin''' to each '''I/O instruction.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, let us '''compile'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Compile’ >> Click ‘Compile’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''Compile '''then on '''Compile.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Desktop

Rename it as ‘sample’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Save''' pop-up window opens.

I’ll save it in the folder '''LDmicro''' on '''Desktop''' with the same name '''‘sample.hex’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will get a pop-up window which shows ‘'''Compile Successful'''’.

Click on the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Compile -> Compile As’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| If you want to save it under other name choose ‘'''Compile -> Compile As'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

Summary

* Simulate a '''ladder''' diagram
* Compile a '''ladder''' diagram in '''LDmicro'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to

* '''Simulate''' a '''ladder''' diagram and
* '''Compile''' a '''ladder''' diagram in '''LDmicro'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Assignment:

* Change the '''cycle''' time to 3s and 10s
* Observe the changes while '''simulating'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| As an assignment,

# Change the '''cycle''' time to 3 secs and then to 10 secs
# Observe the changes in '''simulation''' time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Forum questions
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 15:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 16:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Introduction-to-LDmicro/English

2021-06-18T13:29:01Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
Welcome Slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Introduction to LDmicro.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning Objectives

* Explore LDmicro interface
* Create a simple ladder logic

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will

* Explore '''LDmicro''' interface and
* Create a simple '''ladder logic'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3:

System Requirements

* Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' '''operating system
* LDmicro

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 operating system and
* '''LDmicro'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4:

Pre-requisites

* LDmicro should have installed on your system
* If not, please refer to the relevant LDMicro tutorials on this website

https://spoken-tutorial.org
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have '''LDmicro''' installed on your system.

If not, please refer to the relevant '''LDmicro''' tutorials on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Type LDmicro

Click on LDmicro icon
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us launch the ‘'''LDmicro'''’ interface in '''Linux'''.

Go to the '''unity search bar''' and type ‘'''LDmicro'''’.

Double-click on the ‘'''LDmicro'''’ icon.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal

Type ldmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| You can also launch '''LDmciro''' through '''terminal'''.

Open the '''terminal''' by pressing '''Ctrl + Alt + T''' keys simultaneously.

Type '''ldmicro'''.

Note that all the letters in '''LDmicro''' are smallcase.

Press '''ENTER.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| narration
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Windows''' users can launch it by double-clicking the executable file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see '''Program editor '''window opens.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point rungs
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The horizontal lines in which we write our '''ladder''' diagram are called '''rungs'''.

The '''rung''' with '''‘END’''' instruction denotes the end of the '''ladder''' diagram.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point rails
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The two vertical lines at the start and end of each '''rung''' are called '''Rails'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point left rail

Point right rail
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The left '''rail''' is connected to '''Positive''', and the right '''rail''' is connected to '''Ground'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Show the direction of current flow
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus, the current flows from left '''rail''' to right '''rail'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Instructions’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see about instructions

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4:

Instructions

* Mainly two types, '''Input''' and '''Output''' instructions
* Output instructions are always the last instruction in a rung
* Minimum of one output instruction in a rung

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* In''' ladder logic''', we categorize instructions mainly as '''input''' and '''output''' instructions.
* '''Output''' instructions are always the last instruction in a '''rung'''
* Every '''rung''' must have a minimum of one '''output''' instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will learn how to place instructions in '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro

Click on ‘Instructions’ and highlight the elements
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro''' interface.

In the top menu bar, click on '''Instructions'''.

There are many elements available under '''Instructions'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point cursor
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Every instruction is placed at the current cursor position.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Instruction >> Insert Contact

Highlight the Keyboard shortcuts
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will first place a '''contact''' by clicking on '''Instructions -> Insert Contacts.'''

The letter ‘C’ in the '''Insert Contacts menu '''represents the keyboard shortcut.

You can either use the menu or the shortcut keys to place the instruction.

We can see that the cursor is blinking before the new '''Contact'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to Xnew
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can now see that the contact is inserted at the current cursor position.

It is named as '''Xnew''' by default.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see an '''Input Output''' list at the bottom of the window.

All the '''variables''' used in the program will be displayed in this''' I/O list.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the icon and show the tooltip
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Below the menu bar, you can see a toolbar with icons which are frequently used.

For example, the first icon is '''‘Normal contact’'''.

You can use this tool bar as well to place instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Demo of cursor position
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next we will place a '''coil'''.

For that, place the cursor to the right end of the '''contact'''.

This can be done by clicking with the mouse pointer at the appropriate position.

Otherwise with the help of arrow keys you can change the cursor position.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| click on '''Instructions->Insert Coil'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''Instructions->Insert Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Contact and Coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the '''contact''' appears red whereas '''coil''' in white.

This is because an instruction gets highlighted when cursor is placed near it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the coil and right power rail
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here, the '''coil''' is placed automatically at the extreme right of the '''rung.'''

This is because it is an '''output''' instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor on the right side of the coil

Click on ‘Instructions’

HIghlight Instructions list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Try placing an instruction to the right of the '''Coil'''.

Place the cursor to the right of the '''coil'''.

Click on '''‘Instructions’.'''

We can see that no instruction is enabled.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Therefore, no other instruction can be placed at the right of an '''output''' instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor on the right side of the coil

Click on ‘Instructions’

Highlight ‘Insert Contact’

Highlight ‘Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| If we move the cursor to the left of the '''coil''', we can place another '''contact.'''

But we cannot place a '''coil'''.

Place the cursor to the left of the '''coil.'''

Click on '''Instructions.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the instructions which are disabled
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe few instructions are disabled.

These are '''output''' instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight instructions on Instructions list except ‘Insert Contact’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Contact''' is an example of an '''input''' instruction.

There are many such '''input''' instructions.

We will learn about different instructions and their behavior later in this series.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can even add multiple '''input''' and '''output''' instructions in a single '''rung'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5:

Multiple inputs and Multiple outputs

* Multiple '''inputs''' can be connected either in series or in parallel.
* Multiple '''outputs''' in series is not preferred.
* We can add multiple '''outputs''' in parallel.

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* Multiple '''inputs''' can be connected either in series or in parallel.
* Whereas, multiple '''outputs''' in series is not preferred.
* However, we can add multiple '''outputs''' in parallel.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor below the ‘switch’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we will see how to place '''input''' instructions in parallel.

Place the cursor below the '''contact.'''

We can see the cursor blinking horizontally.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instruction >> Insert Contacts
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' by clicking '''Normal Contact''' icon.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of the first contact

Click ‘Normal Contact’ icon
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we will see how to place '''input''' instructions in series.

We can add another '''contact''' in series to the first '''contact'''.

Place the cursor to the right of the first '''contact'''.

Now, we can see the cursor blinking vertically.

Insert '''Contact''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor below the coil

Click on ‘Normal Coil’ icon

Highlight both the coils in parallel
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, we can add '''Coils''' in parallel as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place cursor to the left of the '''coil''' in the first '''rung'''.

Click on ‘'''Instructions'''’

Point ‘Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us try to add two '''coils''' in series.

Place the cursor to the left of the '''coil''' in the first '''rung'''.

Click on '''Instructions'''.

Notice that we are unable to add '''coils''' in series.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Edit’ in the top menu bar
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can also delete a particular instruction or an entire '''rung'''.

Now let us see how to delete.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the Contact in series with ‘switch’

Click ‘Edit >> Delete Selected Rung’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the newly added '''contact''' which is in series with the first '''contact'''.

In the menu bar, click on ‘'''Edit'''’

Click ‘'''Delete Selected element'''’

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the Contact in parallel with ‘switch’

Click ‘Edit >> Delete Selected Rung’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, delete the '''contact''' in parallel to the first '''contact'''.

And '''coil''' parallel to the first '''coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Edit >> Insert Rung after’

Highlight ‘Insert Rung Before’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll add a new '''rung'''.

Click on '''‘Edit’.'''

We can see options such as '''Insert Rung after, Insert Rung Before'''.

I’ll select''' Insert Rung after'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor on the new rung

Click ‘instructions >> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now insert a '''coil''' in the newly added '''rung''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see how to change the default names of these instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the contact

Change the name to ‘switch’

Highlight the other options i.e ‘Input pin’ etc.

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''contact.'''

A dialog box opens.

Change its name in the '''Name''' textbox to ‘'''switch'''’.

Click on the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil

Change the name to ‘LED1’

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, change the name of the '''coil''' in first '''rung''' to '''LED1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil

Change the name to ‘LED2’

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the name of the '''coil''' in second '''rung''' to '''LED2'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the ‘YLED1’ in I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The reflected names will appear in the '''I/O list'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to X and Y
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can notice an '''X''' prefixed before the name of the '''Contact''' and '''Y''' for '''Coil'''.

The first letter is prefixed for some instructions by default.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Help’ >> Click ‘Manual’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the manual of '''LDmicro''' for prefixed naming convention.

In the menu bar, click on '''Help''' and then '''Manual'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the prefixes list.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Scroll down.

Under ‘'''BASICS'''’ we can find the list.

These are the prefixes if we create a '''variable''' called '''‘name’.'''

The prefixed letter indicates what kind of '''object''' it is.

Close the manual.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘File -> Save’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us save the file.

Click on '''File''' and then '''‘Save’'''.

'''Save''' pop up window appears.

The '''ladder logic''' files are saved with the extension '''.ld'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Type sample.ld
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| I’ll save it as '''sample.ld''' in ‘'''LDmicro'''’ folder on the '''Desktop.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:Summary

* Explore LDmicro interface
* Create a simple ladder logic

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to

* Explore '''LDmicro''' interface
* Create a simple '''ladder logic'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on '''OpenPLC'''?

Please visit the '''FOSSEE forum''' and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Installation-of-LDmicro-on-Windows/English

2021-06-18T13:27:34Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

{| border="1"
|-
|| '''VISUAL CUE'''
|| '''NARRATION'''
|-
|| Slide 1:

Welcome slide
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Installation of LDmicro on Windows.'''
|-
|| Slide 2:
Learning Objectives

|| In this tutorial, we will see how to install,
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''AVRDUDE'''
* '''Drivers''' for '''USBasp programmer'''
|-
|| Slide 3:

System Requirements
|| To record this tutorial I am using:
* '''Windows 8''' operating system
* '''USBasp programmer'''

|-
||
|| Now, we’ll see how to install '''LDmicro.'''
|-
|| OpenPLC website

|| To download the '''installation files,''' open a '''web browser''' of your choice.

Make sure you have an active '''internet connection'''.

Go to the '''website''' [https://openplc.fossee.in/ https://openplc.fossee.in]
|-
|| OpenPLC website
|| In the top '''menu bar''', click on '''Downloads''' tab.
|-
|| OpenPLC website

|| Here we will find a '''link''' to download '''LDmicro installation files''' for '''Windows'''.
|-
|| Click LDmicro for Windows
|| Click on '''‘LDmicro for Windows’ link'''.
|-
|| Point .exe file
|| In the '''Downloads '''folder, downloaded '''.exe file''' is available.
|-
|| Double-click on the .exe file
|| Double-click on the '''.exe file.'''

We will get a warning message as:

'''‘Windows SmartScreen prevented an unrecognized app from starting’'''.
|-
|| Click ‘More info’ >> Click ‘Run anyway’
|| Click on '''‘More info’.'''

Then, click on '''‘Run anyway’ '''button.
|-
||
|| This will open the '''LDmicro-Program Editor''' window.

Thus, we’ve successfully installed '''LDmicro'''.

Close the window.
|-
||
|| Next, we’ll see how to '''install AVRDUDE'''.
|-
|| Slide 4:

What is AVRDUDE?
|| What is '''AVRDUDE'''?

'''AVRDUDE '''stands for '''AVR Downloader Uploader'''.

It is a tool for downloading or uploading the on-'''chip memories''' of '''AVR microcontrollers'''.
|-
||
|| Now we will see the '''installation''' of '''AVRDUDE.'''
|-
||
|| Switch back to the '''browser'''.
|-
|| Point Windows row

Point ‘WinAVR (avrdude)’ link
|| In the''' Downloads''' page, in''' Windows''' row, click on '''WinAVR (avrdude).'''
|-
|| Click WinAVR (avrdude)
|| It will redirect to '''sourceforge.net website'''.
|-
|| Click on ‘Files’
|| Click on the ‘'''Files'''’ tab.
|-
|| Click ‘WinAVR’
|| Click on ‘'''WinAVR'''’ folder.

We can see a list of folders for different versions of '''AVRDUDE.'''
|-
|| Click ‘20100110’
|| Click on the first folder available in the list, which indicates the latest version.

In my case, it is '''‘20100110‘'''.
|-
|| Click WinAVR-20100110-install.exe

|| Then, click on '''WinAVR-20100110-install.exe.'''

This will download the '''executable file''' for '''AVRDUDE.'''

It will take some time to download the '''file'''.
|-
|| Point .exe file
|| In the '''Downloads''' folder, the downloaded '''.exe file''' is available
|-
|| Right click on the '''.exe file'''.

Click on ‘Run as administrator’
|| Right click on it and select ‘'''Run as Administrator'''’.
|-
|| Click ‘Yes’
|| A window will pop-up asking permission to '''install'''.

Click on ‘'''Yes'''’ button.
|-
|| Select ‘English’ >> Click ‘OK’ >> Click ‘Next’ >> Click ‘I Agree’
|| Then another window pops up asking to select a language.

Select '''English''' and then click ‘'''OK'''’ button.

Click ‘'''Next'''’ in the '''Setup Wizard''' window.

Click ‘'''I agree'''’ in the '''License Agreement''' window.
|-
|| Browse the location
|| Browse to the location where you would want to '''install''' the '''software'''.

I’ll install it on '''Desktop'''.
|-
|| Click ‘Next’ >> Click ‘Install’
|| Click on ‘'''Next'''’ button.

Click on ‘'''Install'''’ button.
|-
|| Click ‘Finish’
|| It will take some time to '''install''' the '''software'''

After completion, click on ‘'''Finish'''’ button.
|-
|| Open Windows search
|| To make sure it is installed, open '''command prompt''' using '''Windows search.'''
|-
|| Type '''‘avrdude'''’

Point the version number
|| Type ‘'''avrdude'''’ and press '''ENTER.'''

We can see the version of''' AVRDUDE installed''' on the machine.
|-
||
|| Next, we will see about '''USBasp programmer.'''
|-
|| Slide 5:

(picture of USBasp programmer, '''USBasp_Programmer.jpg''')
||

This is a picture of a '''USBasp programmer'''.
|-
|| Slide 6:

Why USBasp drivers?
|| Why '''USBasp drivers'''?
*A '''USBasp programmer''' is used to '''program''' the '''controller''' on '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''.
* '''AVRDUDE''' will not recognize the '''USBasp''', if '''drivers''' are not '''installed'''.

|-
||
|| Now, we’ll see how to install the '''USBasp driver'''.
|-
||
|| Switch back to the '''browser'''.
|-
||
|| I’m using '''Windows 8 OS''' to do the '''installation'''.

The procedure is the same for '''Windows 10 '''also.
|-
||
|| First, we need to download the '''installation files.'''
|-
|| Click ‘USBasp drivers’ link

Text box: These installation files are for both Windows 8 and Windows 10

|| In the '''Windows''' row, click on ‘'''USBasp drivers’ link''' to download them.
|-
|| Point the .zip file
|| In the '''Downloads''' folder, we can see a '''.zip file''' of '''USBasp drivers'''.
|-
|| Right click >> Click ‘Extract All’
|| Right click on it and select ‘'''Extract All'''’.
|-
|| Click ‘Extract’
|| Browse to the location where you want to extract and click ‘'''Extract'''’.

I’ll extract to the '''Downloads''' folder.
|-
||
|| Connect the '''USBasp programmer''' to one of the '''USB ports''' of your PC.
|-
|| Open Windows search
|| Now, open '''Windows search'''.
|-
|| Type ‘Device Manager’

Press ENTER
|| Search for ‘'''Device Manager'''’.

In '''Windows 8''', we can find '''‘Device Manager’''' under '''Settings '''

Click on '''Device Manager.'''
|-
|| Click ‘Other Devices’

Point ‘USBasp’
|| Click on ‘'''Other devices'''’.

We can see ‘'''USBasp'''’.
|-
|| Point yellow sign
|| The yellow sign near '''USBasp''' indicates that it’s not connected.
|-
|| Right click on ‘USBasp’ >> Click ‘Update Driver Software’
|| Right click on it and select ‘'''Update Driver Software'''’.
|-
||
|| A window will pop up with ‘'''How do you want to search for driver software?’'''.
|-
|| Click ‘Browse my computer for driver software’
|| Click ‘'''Browse my computer for driver software'''’.
|-
|| Browse to the location

Click ‘Install’
|| Browse to the location where you have extracted the ‘'''USBasp drivers'''’ folder.

I’ll change to '''Downloads.'''

Click on '''Next''' button.
|-
|| Point the message
|| But, we can see a message as:

‘'''Windows encountered a problem installing the driver software for your device’'''.
|-
||
|| This is because there is a '''driver''' restriction for '''non-digitally signed drivers.'''

Only '''digitally signed drivers''' are allowed in '''Windows 8''' and '''Windows 10'''

Therefore we have to disable the '''signature checking'''.
|-
|| Press SHIFT and Restart
|| To do that, hold the '''Shift''' key and '''restart''' the computer.

The computer will restart with some clicking options on the screen.
|-
|| Click ‘troubleshoot’
|| Click on ‘'''Troubleshoot'''’ option.
|-
|| Click ‘Advanced Options’

Click ‘Startup Settings’

|| Then click on ‘'''Advanced Options'''’.

Click on ‘'''Startup Settings'''’.

On '''Windows 10''', it might be on a second page, after "'''Show more settings'''".
|-
|| Highlight the options
|| A new window opens with the message:

‘'''after restart you will be able to change some windows options'''’.
|-
|| Click ‘Restart’
|| Now simply click on the '''Restart''' button.

When the computer '''reboots''' it will show some options on the screen.
|-
|| Press 7
|| Press '''7''' in the keyboard to select option 7, i.e. ‘'''Disable driver signature enforcement'''’.
|-
||
|| After that, the computer will start '''Windows''' normally but now with '''disabled driver signature detection'''.
|-
||
|| Now again go to the ‘'''Device manager'''’ and try '''installing''' the '''driver''' as before.
|-
||
|| We’ll get a warning that says ‘'''Windows can’t verify the publisher of this driver software’'''.
|-
|| Click ‘Install this driver software anyway’
|| Ignore it, and click on ‘'''Install this driver software anyway'''’.
|-
||
|| We can see a message ‘'''Windows has successfully updated your driver software’.'''

Click on the '''Close''' button.
|-
|| Point ‘USBasp’ in ‘Other devices’
|| Now we can observe that the yellow sign at '''USBasp''' is not there.

Thus, '''USBasp drivers''' are successfully '''installed''' and working.
|-
||
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.
|-
|| Slide 7: Summary

We learnt to install
*LDmicro
*AVRDUDE
*Drivers for USBasp programmer

|| In this tutorial, we learnt how to install
*'''LDmicro'''
*'''AVRDUDE'''
*'''drivers''' for '''USBasp programmer'''
|-
|| Slide 8:

About Spoken Tutorial project
||
* The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
* Please download and watch it.
|-
|| Slide 9:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
|| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:
* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:
||
* Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
* Please visit this site
* Choose the minute and second where you have the question
* Explain your question briefly
* Someone from our team will answer them
|-
|| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
|| Do you have general/technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
|-
|| Slide 12:

Acknowledgment
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
|-
|| Slide 13:

Thank you slide
|| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.
|-
|}

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Installation-of-LDmicro-on-Windows/English

2021-06-18T13:27:24Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

{| border="1"
|-
|| '''VISUAL CUE'''
|| '''NARRATION'''
|-
||

Welcome slide
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Installation of LDmicro on Windows.'''
|-
|| Slide 2:
Learning Objectives

|| In this tutorial, we will see how to install,
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''AVRDUDE'''
* '''Drivers''' for '''USBasp programmer'''
|-
|| Slide 3:

System Requirements
|| To record this tutorial I am using:
* '''Windows 8''' operating system
* '''USBasp programmer'''

|-
||
|| Now, we’ll see how to install '''LDmicro.'''
|-
|| OpenPLC website

|| To download the '''installation files,''' open a '''web browser''' of your choice.

Make sure you have an active '''internet connection'''.

Go to the '''website''' [https://openplc.fossee.in/ https://openplc.fossee.in]
|-
|| OpenPLC website
|| In the top '''menu bar''', click on '''Downloads''' tab.
|-
|| OpenPLC website

|| Here we will find a '''link''' to download '''LDmicro installation files''' for '''Windows'''.
|-
|| Click LDmicro for Windows
|| Click on '''‘LDmicro for Windows’ link'''.
|-
|| Point .exe file
|| In the '''Downloads '''folder, downloaded '''.exe file''' is available.
|-
|| Double-click on the .exe file
|| Double-click on the '''.exe file.'''

We will get a warning message as:

'''‘Windows SmartScreen prevented an unrecognized app from starting’'''.
|-
|| Click ‘More info’ >> Click ‘Run anyway’
|| Click on '''‘More info’.'''

Then, click on '''‘Run anyway’ '''button.
|-
||
|| This will open the '''LDmicro-Program Editor''' window.

Thus, we’ve successfully installed '''LDmicro'''.

Close the window.
|-
||
|| Next, we’ll see how to '''install AVRDUDE'''.
|-
|| Slide 4:

What is AVRDUDE?
|| What is '''AVRDUDE'''?

'''AVRDUDE '''stands for '''AVR Downloader Uploader'''.

It is a tool for downloading or uploading the on-'''chip memories''' of '''AVR microcontrollers'''.
|-
||
|| Now we will see the '''installation''' of '''AVRDUDE.'''
|-
||
|| Switch back to the '''browser'''.
|-
|| Point Windows row

Point ‘WinAVR (avrdude)’ link
|| In the''' Downloads''' page, in''' Windows''' row, click on '''WinAVR (avrdude).'''
|-
|| Click WinAVR (avrdude)
|| It will redirect to '''sourceforge.net website'''.
|-
|| Click on ‘Files’
|| Click on the ‘'''Files'''’ tab.
|-
|| Click ‘WinAVR’
|| Click on ‘'''WinAVR'''’ folder.

We can see a list of folders for different versions of '''AVRDUDE.'''
|-
|| Click ‘20100110’
|| Click on the first folder available in the list, which indicates the latest version.

In my case, it is '''‘20100110‘'''.
|-
|| Click WinAVR-20100110-install.exe

|| Then, click on '''WinAVR-20100110-install.exe.'''

This will download the '''executable file''' for '''AVRDUDE.'''

It will take some time to download the '''file'''.
|-
|| Point .exe file
|| In the '''Downloads''' folder, the downloaded '''.exe file''' is available
|-
|| Right click on the '''.exe file'''.

Click on ‘Run as administrator’
|| Right click on it and select ‘'''Run as Administrator'''’.
|-
|| Click ‘Yes’
|| A window will pop-up asking permission to '''install'''.

Click on ‘'''Yes'''’ button.
|-
|| Select ‘English’ >> Click ‘OK’ >> Click ‘Next’ >> Click ‘I Agree’
|| Then another window pops up asking to select a language.

Select '''English''' and then click ‘'''OK'''’ button.

Click ‘'''Next'''’ in the '''Setup Wizard''' window.

Click ‘'''I agree'''’ in the '''License Agreement''' window.
|-
|| Browse the location
|| Browse to the location where you would want to '''install''' the '''software'''.

I’ll install it on '''Desktop'''.
|-
|| Click ‘Next’ >> Click ‘Install’
|| Click on ‘'''Next'''’ button.

Click on ‘'''Install'''’ button.
|-
|| Click ‘Finish’
|| It will take some time to '''install''' the '''software'''

After completion, click on ‘'''Finish'''’ button.
|-
|| Open Windows search
|| To make sure it is installed, open '''command prompt''' using '''Windows search.'''
|-
|| Type '''‘avrdude'''’

Point the version number
|| Type ‘'''avrdude'''’ and press '''ENTER.'''

We can see the version of''' AVRDUDE installed''' on the machine.
|-
||
|| Next, we will see about '''USBasp programmer.'''
|-
|| Slide 5:

(picture of USBasp programmer, '''USBasp_Programmer.jpg''')
||

This is a picture of a '''USBasp programmer'''.
|-
|| Slide 6:

Why USBasp drivers?
|| Why '''USBasp drivers'''?
*A '''USBasp programmer''' is used to '''program''' the '''controller''' on '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''.
* '''AVRDUDE''' will not recognize the '''USBasp''', if '''drivers''' are not '''installed'''.

|-
||
|| Now, we’ll see how to install the '''USBasp driver'''.
|-
||
|| Switch back to the '''browser'''.
|-
||
|| I’m using '''Windows 8 OS''' to do the '''installation'''.

The procedure is the same for '''Windows 10 '''also.
|-
||
|| First, we need to download the '''installation files.'''
|-
|| Click ‘USBasp drivers’ link

Text box: These installation files are for both Windows 8 and Windows 10

|| In the '''Windows''' row, click on ‘'''USBasp drivers’ link''' to download them.
|-
|| Point the .zip file
|| In the '''Downloads''' folder, we can see a '''.zip file''' of '''USBasp drivers'''.
|-
|| Right click >> Click ‘Extract All’
|| Right click on it and select ‘'''Extract All'''’.
|-
|| Click ‘Extract’
|| Browse to the location where you want to extract and click ‘'''Extract'''’.

I’ll extract to the '''Downloads''' folder.
|-
||
|| Connect the '''USBasp programmer''' to one of the '''USB ports''' of your PC.
|-
|| Open Windows search
|| Now, open '''Windows search'''.
|-
|| Type ‘Device Manager’

Press ENTER
|| Search for ‘'''Device Manager'''’.

In '''Windows 8''', we can find '''‘Device Manager’''' under '''Settings '''

Click on '''Device Manager.'''
|-
|| Click ‘Other Devices’

Point ‘USBasp’
|| Click on ‘'''Other devices'''’.

We can see ‘'''USBasp'''’.
|-
|| Point yellow sign
|| The yellow sign near '''USBasp''' indicates that it’s not connected.
|-
|| Right click on ‘USBasp’ >> Click ‘Update Driver Software’
|| Right click on it and select ‘'''Update Driver Software'''’.
|-
||
|| A window will pop up with ‘'''How do you want to search for driver software?’'''.
|-
|| Click ‘Browse my computer for driver software’
|| Click ‘'''Browse my computer for driver software'''’.
|-
|| Browse to the location

Click ‘Install’
|| Browse to the location where you have extracted the ‘'''USBasp drivers'''’ folder.

I’ll change to '''Downloads.'''

Click on '''Next''' button.
|-
|| Point the message
|| But, we can see a message as:

‘'''Windows encountered a problem installing the driver software for your device’'''.
|-
||
|| This is because there is a '''driver''' restriction for '''non-digitally signed drivers.'''

Only '''digitally signed drivers''' are allowed in '''Windows 8''' and '''Windows 10'''

Therefore we have to disable the '''signature checking'''.
|-
|| Press SHIFT and Restart
|| To do that, hold the '''Shift''' key and '''restart''' the computer.

The computer will restart with some clicking options on the screen.
|-
|| Click ‘troubleshoot’
|| Click on ‘'''Troubleshoot'''’ option.
|-
|| Click ‘Advanced Options’

Click ‘Startup Settings’

|| Then click on ‘'''Advanced Options'''’.

Click on ‘'''Startup Settings'''’.

On '''Windows 10''', it might be on a second page, after "'''Show more settings'''".
|-
|| Highlight the options
|| A new window opens with the message:

‘'''after restart you will be able to change some windows options'''’.
|-
|| Click ‘Restart’
|| Now simply click on the '''Restart''' button.

When the computer '''reboots''' it will show some options on the screen.
|-
|| Press 7
|| Press '''7''' in the keyboard to select option 7, i.e. ‘'''Disable driver signature enforcement'''’.
|-
||
|| After that, the computer will start '''Windows''' normally but now with '''disabled driver signature detection'''.
|-
||
|| Now again go to the ‘'''Device manager'''’ and try '''installing''' the '''driver''' as before.
|-
||
|| We’ll get a warning that says ‘'''Windows can’t verify the publisher of this driver software’'''.
|-
|| Click ‘Install this driver software anyway’
|| Ignore it, and click on ‘'''Install this driver software anyway'''’.
|-
||
|| We can see a message ‘'''Windows has successfully updated your driver software’.'''

Click on the '''Close''' button.
|-
|| Point ‘USBasp’ in ‘Other devices’
|| Now we can observe that the yellow sign at '''USBasp''' is not there.

Thus, '''USBasp drivers''' are successfully '''installed''' and working.
|-
||
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.
|-
|| Slide 7: Summary

We learnt to install
*LDmicro
*AVRDUDE
*Drivers for USBasp programmer

|| In this tutorial, we learnt how to install
*'''LDmicro'''
*'''AVRDUDE'''
*'''drivers''' for '''USBasp programmer'''
|-
|| Slide 8:

About Spoken Tutorial project
||
* The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
* Please download and watch it.
|-
|| Slide 9:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
|| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:
* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:
||
* Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
* Please visit this site
* Choose the minute and second where you have the question
* Explain your question briefly
* Someone from our team will answer them
|-
|| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
|| Do you have general/technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
|-
|| Slide 12:

Acknowledgment
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
|-
|| Slide 13:

Thank you slide
|| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.
|-
|}

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Installation-of-LDmicro-on-Linux/English

2021-06-18T13:23:22Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

{| border="1"
|-
|| '''VISUAL CUE'''
|| '''NARRATION'''
|-
|| Slide 1:

Welcome slide
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' Installation of LDmicro on Linux.'''
|-
|| Slide 2:

Learning Objectives

|| In this tutorial, we will see how to install,
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''AVRDUDE'''
* '''Drivers''' for '''USBasp programmer'''

|-
|| Slide 3:

System Requirements
|| To record this tutorial I am using:
* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 operating system
* '''USBasp programmer'''

|-
||
|| Now we’ll see how to install '''LDmicro'''.
|-
|| OpenPLC website

|| To download the '''installation files''', open the '''web browser''' of your choice.

I’m using '''Firefox'''.

Go to the website [https://openplc.fossee.in/ https://openplc.fossee.in]

Make sure you’ve an active '''internet connection'''.
|-
|| OpenPLC website
|| In the top menu bar, click on the '''Downloads link'''.
|-
|| OpenPLC website

<point to various links>
|| Here we will find the '''links''' to download '''LDmicro installation files'''.

The '''installation files''' are available for '''Windows''' and '''Ubuntu Linux''' OS.

'''Ubuntu '''has two columns as''' Linux Ubuntu using Gtk '''and''' Linux Ubuntu using Qt.'''
|-
||
|| We will download the '''installation files''' of '''LDmicro''' developed using''' Qt toolkit.'''
|-
|| OpenPLC website

Click LDmicro for Linux(deb)''' '''>> Click Save File''' '''>> Click OK
|| Click on the appropriate '''link''' depending on your '''operating system'''’s version.

I will click on '''LDmicro for Ubuntu 18.04(deb) link'''.

A dialog box opens.

Click on '''Save File, '''and then click the '''OK '''button.
|-
|| Point to the .deb file in the downloads folder
|| In the '''Downloads '''folder, we can see that the downloaded '''.deb '''file is available.
|-
|| Open the terminal.

Press CTRL+ALT+T
|| Now let us open the '''Terminal '''by pressing '''CTRL +ALT + T''' keys simultaneously.
|-
|| Terminal

Type >> cd Downloads
|| Go to the '''Downloads '''folder by typing '''cd <space>Downloads '''and press ‘'''Enter'''’.
|-
|| Terminal

Type >> ls
|| Type '''ls '''to see the '''LDmicro package''' name.

Press''' Enter'''.
|-
|| Highlight the LDmicro version
|| Here, in my system, it shows '''LDMicro_Qt-2.3.2-Linux-bionic.deb '''

The name may vary in future.
|-
|| Type

>> '''sudo dpkg -i LDMicro_Qt-2.3.2-Linux-bionic.deb'''
|| To do the '''installation''', type the '''command sudo dpkg -i LDMicro_Qt-2.3.2-Linux-bionic.deb '''and press '''ENTER.'''
|-
|| Type >> <''password''>
|| Type the '''admin password''' if prompted and press '''ENTER'''.
|-
||
|| We can see '''LDmicro''' is '''installed''' successfully.
|-
|| Slide 4: Installation error

Error:

“dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ldmicro”.

|| You might receive an error saying '''“dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ldmicro”.'''

This is because '''LDmicro''' is dependent on some '''Qt libraries'''.

This is the '''command''' to '''install''' those '''libraries'''.
|-
|| Highlight the error in the terminal
|| Switch back to '''terminal'''.

Please follow the steps as shown here only if you get the error as shown.
|-
|| Solution:

sudo apt install qt5-default
|| We will now '''install''' a '''Qt package''' which has the required basic '''libraries'''.

For that type '''‘sudo apt install qt5-default’ '''and press '''ENTER'''.

|-
||Permission prompt will appear >> press Y

Type

>> '''sudo dpkg -i LDMicro_Qt-2.3.2-Linux-bionic.deb'''

||After that it’ll ask your '''permission''' again to '''install''' these '''libraries'''.

Type '''Y''' and press '''ENTER'''.

We have now '''installed''' required '''qt5 libraries'''.

Now again type the '''command''' as shown here to do the '''installation'''.

Press '''Enter'''.
|-
||
|| Now''', LDmicro''' software is installed.
|-
|| Type >> '''ldmicro'''

|| To make sure, type '''‘ldmicro’ '''in the '''terminal''' and press '''ENTER.'''
|-
|| '''LDmicro '''interface
|| '''LDMicro''' interface opens.

This ensures that '''LDmicro''' is installed successfully.
|-
||
|| Next we’ll see how to install '''AVRDUDE'''.
|-
|| Slide 5:

What is AVRDUDE?
|| What is '''AVRDUDE'''?

'''AVRDUDE '''stands for '''AVR Downloader Uploader'''.

It is a tool for downloading or uploading the '''on-chip memories''' of '''AVR microcontrollers'''.
|-
|| Switch back to terminal
|| To install '''AVRDUDE''', switch back to '''terminal'''.
|-
|| Type, sudo apt-get install avrdude

|| Type, '''sudo apt<hyphen>get install avrdude''' and press '''ENTER'''.

Wait until the '''installation''' is completed.
|-
|| Type avrdude

Highlight the version
|| To check the installed version, type '''avrdude '''and press '''ENTER'''.

Here, you can find the version number at the bottom of the '''terminal'''.
|-
||
|| Next, we will see about '''USBasp programmer'''
|-
|| Slide 6:

(picture of USBasp programmer, '''USBasp_Programmer.jpg''')
||

This is a picture of a '''USBasp programmer'''.
|-
|| Slide 7: why USBasp drivers
* '''USBasp programmer''' is used to '''program''' the '''controller''' on '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''.
* '''AVRDUDE''' will not recognize the '''USBasp''', if '''drivers''' are not '''installed'''.

|| Why USBasp drivers?
* A '''USBasp programmer''' is used to '''program''' the '''controller''' on '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''.
* '''AVRDUDE''' will not recognize the '''USBasp''', if '''drivers''' are not '''installed'''.
|-
||
|| Now, we’ll see how to install '''USBasp''' drivers.

In '''Linux OS''', the '''USBasp drivers''' are pre-installed.
|-
|| Switch back to the terminal
|| Switch back to the '''terminal'''.
|-
|| Terminal

Type >>lsusb
|| Type''' lsusb '''and press '''Enter'''.

This will give the information about '''USB buses''' in the system and the '''devices''' connected to them.
|-
||
|| The information you get on the '''terminal''' may not be the same as mine.
|-
|| Connect USBasp to a USB port of Computer
|| Now, connect a '''USBasp programmer''' to one of the '''USB ports''' of your computer.
|-
|| Terminal

Type >> '''‘'''lsusb’
|| Now again, in the '''terminal''' type '''‘lsusb’''' and press '''ENTER.'''
|-
|| Terminal

|| We can observe there is an extra line of information of the '''bus''' and the '''device''' connected to it.

We can find a keyword '''libusb '''in the new line which indicates that '''USBasp programmer''' is connected.

This indicates that the '''drivers''' are installed successfully.
|-
||
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.
|-
|| Slide 8: Summary

We learnt to install
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''AVRDUDE'''
* Drivers for '''USBasp''' programmer

|| In this tutorial, we learnt to install
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''AVRDUDE '''and
* '''Drivers''' for '''USBasp programmer'''
|-
|| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it
|-
|| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
|| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:
* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|| Slide 11 :

Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial
||
* Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
* Please visit this site.
* Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
* Explain your question briefly.
* The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer.
* You will have to register to ask questions.

|-
|| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
||
* The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.
* Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them.
* This will help reduce the clutter.
* With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.

|-
|| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
||
* Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?
* Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
|-
|| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
|-
|| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
|| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.
|-
|}

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Installation-of-LDmicro-on-Linux/English

2021-06-18T13:22:58Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

{| border="1"
|-
|| '''VISUAL CUE'''
|| '''NARRATION'''
|-
|| Slide 1:

Welcome slide
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' Installation of LDmicro on Linux.'''
|-
|| Slide 2:

|| In this tutorial, we will see how to install,
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''AVRDUDE'''
* '''Drivers''' for '''USBasp programmer'''

|-
|| Slide 3:

System Requirements
|| To record this tutorial I am using:
* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 operating system
* '''USBasp programmer'''

|-
||
|| Now we’ll see how to install '''LDmicro'''.
|-
|| OpenPLC website

|| To download the '''installation files''', open the '''web browser''' of your choice.

I’m using '''Firefox'''.

Go to the website [https://openplc.fossee.in/ https://openplc.fossee.in]

Make sure you’ve an active '''internet connection'''.
|-
|| OpenPLC website
|| In the top menu bar, click on the '''Downloads link'''.
|-
|| OpenPLC website

<point to various links>
|| Here we will find the '''links''' to download '''LDmicro installation files'''.

The '''installation files''' are available for '''Windows''' and '''Ubuntu Linux''' OS.

'''Ubuntu '''has two columns as''' Linux Ubuntu using Gtk '''and''' Linux Ubuntu using Qt.'''
|-
||
|| We will download the '''installation files''' of '''LDmicro''' developed using''' Qt toolkit.'''
|-
|| OpenPLC website

Click LDmicro for Linux(deb)''' '''>> Click Save File''' '''>> Click OK
|| Click on the appropriate '''link''' depending on your '''operating system'''’s version.

I will click on '''LDmicro for Ubuntu 18.04(deb) link'''.

A dialog box opens.

Click on '''Save File, '''and then click the '''OK '''button.
|-
|| Point to the .deb file in the downloads folder
|| In the '''Downloads '''folder, we can see that the downloaded '''.deb '''file is available.
|-
|| Open the terminal.

Press CTRL+ALT+T
|| Now let us open the '''Terminal '''by pressing '''CTRL +ALT + T''' keys simultaneously.
|-
|| Terminal

Type >> cd Downloads
|| Go to the '''Downloads '''folder by typing '''cd <space>Downloads '''and press ‘'''Enter'''’.
|-
|| Terminal

Type >> ls
|| Type '''ls '''to see the '''LDmicro package''' name.

Press''' Enter'''.
|-
|| Highlight the LDmicro version
|| Here, in my system, it shows '''LDMicro_Qt-2.3.2-Linux-bionic.deb '''

The name may vary in future.
|-
|| Type

>> '''sudo dpkg -i LDMicro_Qt-2.3.2-Linux-bionic.deb'''
|| To do the '''installation''', type the '''command sudo dpkg -i LDMicro_Qt-2.3.2-Linux-bionic.deb '''and press '''ENTER.'''
|-
|| Type >> <''password''>
|| Type the '''admin password''' if prompted and press '''ENTER'''.
|-
||
|| We can see '''LDmicro''' is '''installed''' successfully.
|-
|| Slide 4: Installation error

Error:

“dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ldmicro”.

|| You might receive an error saying '''“dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ldmicro”.'''

This is because '''LDmicro''' is dependent on some '''Qt libraries'''.

This is the '''command''' to '''install''' those '''libraries'''.
|-
|| Highlight the error in the terminal
|| Switch back to '''terminal'''.

Please follow the steps as shown here only if you get the error as shown.
|-
|| Solution:

sudo apt install qt5-default
|| We will now '''install''' a '''Qt package''' which has the required basic '''libraries'''.

For that type '''‘sudo apt install qt5-default’ '''and press '''ENTER'''.

|-
||Permission prompt will appear >> press Y

Type

>> '''sudo dpkg -i LDMicro_Qt-2.3.2-Linux-bionic.deb'''

||After that it’ll ask your '''permission''' again to '''install''' these '''libraries'''.

Type '''Y''' and press '''ENTER'''.

We have now '''installed''' required '''qt5 libraries'''.

Now again type the '''command''' as shown here to do the '''installation'''.

Press '''Enter'''.
|-
||
|| Now''', LDmicro''' software is installed.
|-
|| Type >> '''ldmicro'''

|| To make sure, type '''‘ldmicro’ '''in the '''terminal''' and press '''ENTER.'''
|-
|| '''LDmicro '''interface
|| '''LDMicro''' interface opens.

This ensures that '''LDmicro''' is installed successfully.
|-
||
|| Next we’ll see how to install '''AVRDUDE'''.
|-
|| Slide 5:

What is AVRDUDE?
|| What is '''AVRDUDE'''?

'''AVRDUDE '''stands for '''AVR Downloader Uploader'''.

It is a tool for downloading or uploading the '''on-chip memories''' of '''AVR microcontrollers'''.
|-
|| Switch back to terminal
|| To install '''AVRDUDE''', switch back to '''terminal'''.
|-
|| Type, sudo apt-get install avrdude

|| Type, '''sudo apt<hyphen>get install avrdude''' and press '''ENTER'''.

Wait until the '''installation''' is completed.
|-
|| Type avrdude

Highlight the version
|| To check the installed version, type '''avrdude '''and press '''ENTER'''.

Here, you can find the version number at the bottom of the '''terminal'''.
|-
||
|| Next, we will see about '''USBasp programmer'''
|-
|| Slide 6:

(picture of USBasp programmer, '''USBasp_Programmer.jpg''')
||

This is a picture of a '''USBasp programmer'''.
|-
|| Slide 7: why USBasp drivers
* '''USBasp programmer''' is used to '''program''' the '''controller''' on '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''.
* '''AVRDUDE''' will not recognize the '''USBasp''', if '''drivers''' are not '''installed'''.

|| Why USBasp drivers?
* A '''USBasp programmer''' is used to '''program''' the '''controller''' on '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''.
* '''AVRDUDE''' will not recognize the '''USBasp''', if '''drivers''' are not '''installed'''.
|-
||
|| Now, we’ll see how to install '''USBasp''' drivers.

In '''Linux OS''', the '''USBasp drivers''' are pre-installed.
|-
|| Switch back to the terminal
|| Switch back to the '''terminal'''.
|-
|| Terminal

Type >>lsusb
|| Type''' lsusb '''and press '''Enter'''.

This will give the information about '''USB buses''' in the system and the '''devices''' connected to them.
|-
||
|| The information you get on the '''terminal''' may not be the same as mine.
|-
|| Connect USBasp to a USB port of Computer
|| Now, connect a '''USBasp programmer''' to one of the '''USB ports''' of your computer.
|-
|| Terminal

Type >> '''‘'''lsusb’
|| Now again, in the '''terminal''' type '''‘lsusb’''' and press '''ENTER.'''
|-
|| Terminal

|| We can observe there is an extra line of information of the '''bus''' and the '''device''' connected to it.

We can find a keyword '''libusb '''in the new line which indicates that '''USBasp programmer''' is connected.

This indicates that the '''drivers''' are installed successfully.
|-
||
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.
|-
|| Slide 8: Summary

We learnt to install
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''AVRDUDE'''
* Drivers for '''USBasp''' programmer

|| In this tutorial, we learnt to install
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''AVRDUDE '''and
* '''Drivers''' for '''USBasp programmer'''
|-
|| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it
|-
|| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
|| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:
* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|| Slide 11 :

Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial
||
* Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
* Please visit this site.
* Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
* Explain your question briefly.
* The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer.
* You will have to register to ask questions.

|-
|| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
||
* The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.
* Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them.
* This will help reduce the clutter.
* With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.

|-
|| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
||
* Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?
* Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
|-
|| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
|-
|| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
|| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.
|-
|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C3/Compare-Instructions/English

2020-11-20T21:07:03Z

Priyanka.guntaka123: Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center> | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <cent..."

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' Compare instructions.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

* Compare instructions

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn about working of

* Compare instructions

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''operating system
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC V1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic LIght module
* Switchboard module

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module and
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Working of Move (MOV) instruction
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of '''Move''' instruction.
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6a: Compare instructions

Six types of compare instructions

# equals
# not equals
# less than
# less than or equal
# greater than
# greater than or equal

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In '''LDmicro''' we have six types of compare instructions.

They are

# Equals
# not equals
# less than
# less than or equal
# greater than
# greater than or equal.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6b: Compare instructions

* These instructions can be used to compare

* a variable to a variable,
* variable to a 16-bit signed constant

* Working of these instructions will be similar

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| These instructions can be used to compare a variable to another variable.

Also when we want to compare a variable to a 16-bit signed constant.

Working of these compare instructions will be similar.

But the functioning will be according to their names.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we’ll learn about compare for equals instruction in detail.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will create a virtual circular counter using a compare for equals instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instructions -> Insert Contact >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click instructions -> Insert OSR >> Place the cursor to the right of OSR >> Click Instructions -> Arithmetic instructions -> Insert ADD
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact.'''

To the right of it insert an '''OSR'''

To the right of '''OSR''' insert an '''ADD''' instruction as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the contact >> Type switch in the name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘switch’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on ADD
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the '''ADD''' instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Type in the destination and ‘is set as := ‘ columns ‘vcounter’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Set the destination and first operand to ‘'''vcounter’''' meaning virtual counter.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Second operand is by default 1.

Don’t change that.

Click the OK button

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Edit -> Insert Rung after
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a rung below as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will insert '''Compare for equals''' and '''Move''' instruction in the new rung.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor in the new rung >> Click Instructions -> Comparison operators -> Insert EQU >> place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click Instructions -> Insert MOV
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor in the new rung .

Click on '''Instructions''' and then '''Comparison operators.'''

Select '''Insert EQU.'''

Next place the cursor to the right of the compare for equals instruction.

Click on '''Instructions''' and then select '''Insert MOV.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Compare for equals >> Set the first column to vcounter >> Set the second column to 0 >> Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on '''Compare for equals.'''

Compare the ‘'''vcounter’''' variable with 4.

That is, set the first column to '''‘vcounter’''' and the second one to 4.

Click on the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the MOV instruction >> Type vcounter in the destination column >> Type 0 in the source column >> Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the '''Move''' instruction.

Set the '''Destination''' variable as '''‘vcounter’''' and '''Source''' variable as 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch and counter in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially, the state of '''Xswitch''' and '''vcounter''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘Xswitch’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of vcounter

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the state of '''vcounter''' changes to 1.

The state of '''vcounter''' increases by 1 every time there is a high to low transition in '''Xswitch'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘Xswitch’ for 5 more times

Highlight the state of vcounter.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Keep changing the state of '''Xswitch''' from 0 to 1 and back to 0.

We can observe '''vcounter''' takes values 0, 1, 2, 3 and then goes back to 0.

That is like a circular counter with count 3.

|-

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| For visualization purpose we will glow a LED whenever the '''vcounter''' value is 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate >> Click Halt Simulation >> Click Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Visual cue

Click Edit -> Insert rung after
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a rung below the second rung.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor in the new rung >> Click on Instructions -> Comparison Operators -> Insert EQU >> Place the cursor to the right of EQU >> Click on Instructions -> Insert Coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place a '''Compare for equals''' and a '''Coil''' in the new rung.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on EQU instruction >> Type vcounter in the first box >> Type 0 in the second box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Compare for equals.

Compare the ‘'''vcounter’''' variable with 0.

That is, set the first column to '''‘vcounter’''' and the second one to 0.

Click on the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Ynew >> Type LED in the name box >> Select SET-only option >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the '''Coil''' as '''LED.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the third rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus this will energise the '''YLED''' whenever the '''vcounter''' value is 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign pin '''PC0''' to '''Xswitch''' and '''PA0''' to '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘compareequals.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''‘compareequals.hex’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘compareequals.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''‘compareequals.ld’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:compareequals.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the Terminal by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| compareequals.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| compareequals.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' pin of the red LED of '''Traffic Light''' module to '''GND''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect '''+5V pin''' of the red LED to '''PA0''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| compareequals.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and 5V of '''Switchboard''' to GND and 5V of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the LED will be glowing initially.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| It will turn off once the '''NO1''' is pressed.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The red LED will glow again after pressing '''NO1''' for 3 more times.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus LED glow indicates that the count value of the counter is 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Try out the remaining Compare instructions on your own.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: Summary

In this tutorial, we learnt about

* Compare instructions

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about

* Compare instructions
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8: Assignment

Try to

# Turn on a LED whenever the count process is ON and
# Turn off when count value becomes zero

Hint: Use '''‘greater than’ '''compare instruction to turn on the LED.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| As an assignment, try to

# Turn on a LED whenever the count process is ON and
# Turn off the same LED when count value becomes zero.

Hint: Use '''‘greater than’ '''compare instruction to turn on the LED.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C3/TON-and-TOFF-Instructions/English

2020-11-20T20:54:59Z

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''TON & TOFF instructions'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

* Delayed turn ON (TON) timer
* Delayed turn OFF (TOFF) timer

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we’ll learn about working of

* '''Delayed turn ON''' timer and
* '''Delayed turn OFF''' timer
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC V1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module and
* '''Switchboard''' module
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Working of a Contact and a Coil
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil'''.
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the LDmicro from the launcher bar
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Instructions -> Timers
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Instructions''' and then on '''Timers'''.

In LDmicro, we have 3 different types of timers.

They are '''Delayed turn ON, Delayed turn OFF '''and''' Retentive delayed turn ON'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we will learn the working of a '''Delayed''' '''turn''' '''ON''' timer.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >>

Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on contact >> Type switch in name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘switch’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the coil >> Rename it as ‘LED1’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then rename the Coil as '''‘LED'.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click Instructions -> Timers -> Insert TON
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now add a '''Delayed turn on '''timer to the right of '''Xswitch'''.

For that, place the cursor to the right of '''Xswitch'''.

Click on '''Instructions''' then '''Timers''' and then '''Insert TON.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Tnew
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the timer.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the name column, type ON
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the name column, type '''ON'''.

Note that the name will be prefixed by T by default.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the delay box type 5000

Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''delay''' column we can enter the desired delay.

Note that the delay is in milliseconds.

We’ll have a delay of 5s.

So type 5000.

Click the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch, YLED and TON in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially, the state of '''Xswitch''', '''YLED''' and '''TON''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Xswitch
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on '''Xswitch''' to change its state to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of TON and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The state of '''TON''' will change to 20ms but the state of '''YLED''' is still 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of TON and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' will change to 1 after 5s.

The state of '''TON''' changes to 4.990s.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The '''TON''' variable counts up from zero in the units of PLC scan cycle, which is 10ms.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Xswitch in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the state of '''YLED''' and '''TON''' changes to 0 immediately.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is, when '''TON''' is given logic 0 it outputs logic 0 immediately.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Xswitch >> Double click on Xswitch
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Again change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

Within 5s, change it back to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of TON
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the state of '''TON''' goes back to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus, for TON to output logic 1 it should be given logic 1 for at least the delay time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign pin '''PC0''' to '''Xswitch''' and pin '''PA0''' to '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> rename it as ‘timeron.hex’ >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''timeron.hex'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Rename it as ‘timeron.ld’ >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the ladder diagram as '''timeron.ld.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:timeron.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the Terminal by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeron.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeron.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect GND''' pin''' of the red LED of '''Traffic Light module''' to GND of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect the '''+5V''' pin of the red LED to '''PA0 '''pin of the Mainboard.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeron.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect GND and 5V of '''switchboard''' to GND and 5V of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the red LED will not glow.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Press the switch '''NO1'''.

Remember '''NO1''' should be pressed for at least 5s for LED to turn ON.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The red LED should turn ON 5s after the '''NO1''' is pressed.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| You can use latched action switches to avoid long pressing of switches.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Red LED will go off immediately when you release the switch '''NO1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus the LED will glow after the switch is pressed for delay time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the connections made for this example.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now learn about the working of '''Delayed turn off '''timer.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Delayed turn off timer

* When it is given logic 1 it outputs logic 1 immediately.
* When given logic 0 it takes at least the delay time provided to output logic 0.
* Its variable counts up from zero in the units of PLC scan cycle

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| For a delayed turn off timer when given logic 1 it outputs logic 1 immediately.

When given logic 0 it takes at least the delay time provided to output logic 0.

Its variable counts up from zero in the units of PLC scan cycle.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

I’ll open the''' timeroff.ld '''which I have created and saved already.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeroff.ld logic on LDmicro interface
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here, I have replaced the '''Delayed turn on '''timer with '''Delayed turn off''' timer

I have renamed it as '''TOFF '''and given delay as 5s.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Hardware setup before connections
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then compiled the logic as''' ‘timeroff.hex’ '''and uploaded the same to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7:

Code file - '''timeroff.ld '''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* The '''files''' used in this tutorial are available in the '''Code Files '''link on this tutorial page.
* Please download and extract them
* Make a copy and then use them while practising

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeroff.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The connections will be the same as in the '''Delayed turn ON timer''' example.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Hardware setup after connections
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see that the red LED turns ON immediately after '''NO1''' is pressed.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| It will take 5s to turn OFF once you release the switch '''NO1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus the LED goes off, after the delay time once the switch is released.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Note the difference between Delayed turn on and Delayed turn off timers.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8: Summary

* Delayed turn ON (TON) timer
* Delayed turn OFF (TOFF) timer

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we learnt about working of

* '''Delayed turn ON timer''' and
* '''Delayed turn OFF''' timer

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9: Assignment

* Draw a ladder diagram to blink an LED.
* Hint: Use both delayed turn ON and delayed turn OFF timers.

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* As an assignment, draw a ladder diagram to blink an LED.
* Hint: Use both delayed turn ON and delayed turn OFF timers.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* Please post your timed queries in this forum

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 15:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C3/Move-Instructions/English

2020-11-20T09:33:10Z

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C3/Arithmetic-Instructions/English

2020-11-20T05:04:56Z

Priyanka.guntaka123: Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center> | style="background-color:#ffffff..."

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Arithmetic''' '''Instructions'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

* Arithmetic instructions

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we’ll learn about

* Arithmetic instructions
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''operating system
* LDmicro

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Working of One Shot instructions
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
* To follow this tutorial, you should know the working '''One Shot''' instructions.

* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5a: Arithmetic instructions

* Four arithmetic instructions

# ADD
# SUB
# MUL
# DIV

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| '''LDmicro''' has 4 Arithmetic instructions.

They are Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5b: Arithmetic instructions

* Can only handle 16-bit signed integer values
* Floating point numbers are not handled by these instructions

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In '''LDmicro''', these instructions can handle only up to 16 bit signed integer values.

Floating point numbers are not handled by these instructions.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll learn about working of these instructions.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us start with an example of the '''ADD''' instruction.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instructions -> Insert Contact >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click ‘Instructions -> Click on Arithmetic operator -> Insert ADD
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| First, place a Contact from Instructions.

Next to the right of it insert an '''ADD''' instruction as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on contact >> Type switch in name box >> Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘switch’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ADD
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, double click on the '''ADD''' instruction.

A dialog box opens which has three inputs.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Destination

Enter ‘result’

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we have '''Destination'''.

It should be the variable name to which you want to save the result.

Enter the variable name as '''‘result’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘is set to := :’ and ‘+ :’

Type 4 in ‘is set to :=’ column

Type 5 in ‘+:’ column

Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Then the next two columns are operands.

These can be either constants or variables.

Enter the operands as 4 and 5 respectively.

Click on the OK button.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘result’ in I/O list
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe that the type of '''‘result’''' is shown as a general variable.

Also we can observe that there is no prefix before its name.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Note that the variables can also be timer and counter variables.

We will learn about these variables in the later tutorials.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on S'''imulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Xswitch and result in the IO list
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of '''Xswitch''' and '''result''' are 0.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘Xswitch’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of the ‘result’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the value of variable '''‘result’''' changes to 9.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate >> Click on Halt simulation >> Click on Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ADD >> Change second operand to 40000 >> Click the OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the second operand in the ADD instruction to 40000.

Click the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn on the Simulation mode.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the text ‘Constant 40000 out of range: -32768 to -32767’

Click the OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| A dialog box appears.

It says '''‘Constant 40000 out of range: -32768 to 32767 inclusive’.'''

This means that operands should be signed 16 bit integers.

Click the OK button.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ADD >> Change second operand to 32767 >> Click the OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now change the second operand to 32767 as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of the ‘result’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the value of the '''‘result’''' changes to '''‘-32765’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| That is, the result of the '''ADD '''operation is also a signed 16-bit integer.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘switch’ in the IO list >> Double-click on ‘switch’ in the IO list >>

Highlight the state of the ‘result’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 0 and then again to 1.

We can observe that the state of the variable '''‘result’''' doesn't change.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus the ADD operation happens only once.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we will try to increment a variable on every switch press.

Also, we will understand the importance of '''One shot '''instructions.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Halt simulation >> Click on Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ADD >> Change second operand to result >> Click the OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the ADD instruction.

Change the second operand to variable '''‘result’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘switch’ in the IO list
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of the ‘result’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the value of '''‘result’''' keeps changing rapidly.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| It keeps updating until the state of '''Xswitch''' is 1.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Halt simulation >> Click on Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide: How can we prevent PLC from evaluating the instruction on each cycle?

We can do that by using a '''One Shot''' instruction.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| How can we prevent PLC from evaluating the instruction on each cycle?

We can do that by using a '''One Shot''' instruction.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us try doing this on LDmicro.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click on Instructions -> Insert OSR
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Place an '''OSR''' to the right of '''Xswitch'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘switch’ in the IO list
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' from 0 to 1.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of the ‘result’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the state of the variable '''‘result’''' changes to 4.

That is, ADD operation happens only once.

Change the state of '''Xswitch''' back to 0.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Again change the state of '''Xswitch''' from 0 to 1.

We can observe that the state of the''' 'result'''' changes to 8.

That is, ADD operation happens only when input changes its state from low to high.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate >> Click on Halt simulation Click on Simulate >> Click on Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘add.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the ladder diagram as '''add.ld'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Assignment

Replace an '''OSF''' in the place of '''OSR'''. Observe the '''‘result’''' variable.

'''Observation:'''

The value changes when the input goes from high to low.

That is when the state of Xswitch goes from 1 to 0.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| As an Assignment,

Replace an '''OSF''' in the place of '''OSR''' and observe the '''‘result’''' variable.

'''Observation:'''

The value changes when the input goes from high to low.

That is when the state of '''Xswitch''' goes from 1 to 0.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: When to use OSR/OSF?

* Use OSR, when you want the change in count to happen when the switch is pressed
* Use OSF, when you want the change to happen when the switch is released

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| When to use OSR or OSF?

* Use OSR, when you want the change in count to happen when the switch is pressed
* Use OSF, when you want the change to happen when the switch is released

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Next, we will look at other Arithmetic instructions.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8: Arithmetic Instructions

* SUB, MUL and DIV work similar to ADD
* NOTE: DIV instruction gives quotient as the result
* Explore these instructions on your own.

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The instructions subtract, multiply, and divide work in the similar way as of addition.

Note that the Divide instruction gives quotient as the result.

Explore these instructions on your own.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9: Summary

* Arithmetic instructions

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about

* Arithmetic instructions
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this Forum.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 15:

Thank you slide
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C3/OneShot-Instructions/English

2020-11-20T04:41:53Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''OneShot''' - '''Instructions.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

* One Shot Rising (OSR)
* One Shot Falling (OSF)

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we’ll learn about

* '''One Shot Rising''' and
* '''One Shot Falling '''instructions
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC version 1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module and
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Working of Normal Contact and Normal Coil
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of

* '''Normal Contact''' and '''Normal Coil'''.

If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the LDmicro
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| First we’ll see the working of an '''OSR''' instruction.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on contact >> Type switch in name box >> Click OK button

Double click on the coil >> Rename it as ‘LED1’ >> Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘switch’''' and rename the Coil as '''‘LED’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click ‘Instructions -> Insert OSR instruction’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Add an '''OSR''' instruction to the right of '''Xswitch'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe the state of '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED''' in the I/O list.

Initially the state of both '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED''' are 0.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘Xswitch’ in the I/O list
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''‘Xswitch’''' to 1.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight rung
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can notice that '''YLED''' energises for a brief moment.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This is because '''OSR''' generates a pulse on each rising edge of its input signal.

The pulse width is equal to one '''PLC''' scan cycle.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| For a close observation, let us increase the '''PLC''' cycle time.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate -> Halt simulation >> Click on Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings -> MCU parameters >> Set cycle time to 5000 ms >> Click the OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and then on '''MCU parameters.'''

Change the '''‘cycle''' '''time’''' to '''‘3000''' '''ms’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now again start real-time simulation.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘Xswitch’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight rung
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that within 3s '''YLED '''will get energised.

Also it stays energised for about 3 seconds.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘Xswitch’ in the I/O list

Highlight state of YLED in the I/O list
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| After that, change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 0.

We can see that the falling edge has no effect on the state of '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate -> Halt simulation >> Click on Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

Let the cycle time be 3000ms and change crystal frequency to 16 MHz.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign pin '''PC0''' to '''Xswitch.'''

Then assign pin '''PA0''' to '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘osr.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''‘osr.hex’.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘osr.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the ladder diagram as '''osr.ld''' as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:osr.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the Terminal by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osr.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osr.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' pin of the red LED of '''Traffic Light''' module to '''GND''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect '''+5V pin''' of the red LED to '''PA0''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osr.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and 5V of '''switchboard''' to GND and 5V of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Press NO1 for about 3 seconds.

After releasing the switch NO1, the red LED glows for about 3 seconds.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The time for which the LED glows depends on PLC cycle time or scan cycle.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the connections made for this example.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll look at the working of '''OSF''' instruction.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Instead of creating a new file, we will make changes in the previous file itself.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will replace '''OSR''' with '''OSF''' instruction.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Select OSR >> Click ‘Edit -> Delete selected element’ >> Click on ‘instructions -> Insert OSF’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| For that, select '''OSR''' then click ‘Edit -> Delete selected element’.

Now, to the right of '''Xswitch''' insert '''OSF''' as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of both '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED''' are 0

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Xswitch
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

We can observe there is no change in the state of '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 0.

We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' changes to 1 for about 3 seconds.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight cycle time at the bottom of the screen
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Remember that, we have changed the cycle time to 3s.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the rung
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus '''OSF''' generates the pulse on each falling edge of its input signal.

Note that rising edge doesn’t have any effect on it.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate -> Halt simulation >> Click on Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight I/O list and status bar
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that microcontroller and its parameters are already set.

Pin assignment is also already done.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘osf.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''osf.hex '''using the '''‘Compile As’''' option.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘osf.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the ladder diagram as '''‘osf.ld’''' using the '''‘Save As’ '''option.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:osf.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to the terminal.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osf.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osf.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Make the connections the same as in the '''OSR''' example.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Press the switch NO1.

After the switch NO1 is released, we can observe that the red LED glows for about 3s.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus the LED glows for PLC scan cycle time, only after '''NO1''' is released.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Summary

* One Shot Rising (OSR)
* One Shot Falling (OSF)

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about

* One Shot Rising (OSR) and
* One Shot Falling (OSF) instructions
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Assignment

Draw a ladder diagram to detect both rising and falling edge of the input signal
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Try this assignment.

Draw a ladder diagram to detect both rising and falling edge of the input signal.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| * Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11: Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12: Thank you slide
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C3/OneShot-Instructions/English

2020-11-20T04:40:07Z

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''OneShot''' - '''Instructions.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

* One Shot Rising (OSR)
* One Shot Falling (OSF)

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we’ll learn about

* '''One Shot Rising''' and
* '''One Shot Falling '''instructions
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC version 1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module and
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Working of Normal Contact and Normal Coil
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of

* '''Normal Contact''' and '''Normal Coil'''.

If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the LDmicro
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| First we’ll see the working of an '''OSR''' instruction.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on contact >> Type switch in name box >> Click OK button

Double click on the coil >> Rename it as ‘LED1’ >> Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘switch’''' and rename the Coil as '''‘LED’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click ‘Instructions -> Insert OSR instruction’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Add an '''OSR''' instruction to the right of '''Xswitch'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe the state of '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED''' in the I/O list.

Initially the state of both '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED''' are 0.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘Xswitch’ in the I/O list
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''‘Xswitch’''' to 1.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight rung
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can notice that '''YLED''' energises for a brief moment.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This is because '''OSR''' generates a pulse on each rising edge of its input signal.

The pulse width is equal to one '''PLC''' scan cycle.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| For a close observation, let us increase the '''PLC''' cycle time.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate -> Halt simulation >> Click on Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings -> MCU parameters >> Set cycle time to 5000 ms >> Click the OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and then on '''MCU parameters.'''

Change the '''‘cycle''' '''time’''' to '''‘3000''' '''ms’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now again start real-time simulation.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘Xswitch’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight rung
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that within 3s '''YLED '''will get energised.

Also it stays energised for about 3 seconds.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘Xswitch’ in the I/O list

Highlight state of YLED in the I/O list
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| After that, change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 0.

We can see that the falling edge has no effect on the state of '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate -> Halt simulation >> Click on Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

Let the cycle time be 3000ms and change crystal frequency to 16 MHz.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign pin '''PC0''' to '''Xswitch.'''

Then assign pin '''PA0''' to '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘osr.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''‘osr.hex’.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘osr.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the ladder diagram as '''osr.ld''' as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:osr.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the Terminal by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Text box: Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osr.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osr.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' pin of the red LED of '''Traffic Light''' module to '''GND''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect '''+5V pin''' of the red LED to '''PA0''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osr.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and 5V of '''switchboard''' to GND and 5V of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the output
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Press NO1 for about 3 seconds.

After releasing the switch NO1, the red LED glows for about 3 seconds.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The time for which the LED glows depends on PLC cycle time or scan cycle.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the connections made for this example.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll look at the working of '''OSF''' instruction.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Instead of creating a new file, we will make changes in the previous file itself.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will replace '''OSR''' with '''OSF''' instruction.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Select OSR >> Click ‘Edit -> Delete selected element’ >> Click on ‘instructions -> Insert OSF’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| For that, select '''OSR''' then click ‘Edit -> Delete selected element’.

Now, to the right of '''Xswitch''' insert '''OSF''' as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of both '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED''' are 0

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Xswitch
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

We can observe there is no change in the state of '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 0.

We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' changes to 1 for about 3 seconds.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight cycle time at the bottom of the screen
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Remember that, we have changed the cycle time to 3s.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the rung
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus '''OSF''' generates the pulse on each falling edge of its input signal.

Note that rising edge doesn’t have any effect on it.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate -> Halt simulation >> Click on Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight I/O list and status bar
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that microcontroller and its parameters are already set.

Pin assignment is also already done.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘osf.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''osf.hex '''using the '''‘Compile As’''' option.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘osf.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the ladder diagram as '''‘osf.ld’''' using the '''‘Save As’ '''option.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:osf.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to the terminal.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osf.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| osf.png
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Make the connections the same as in the '''OSR''' example.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Press the switch NO1.

After the switch NO1 is released, we can observe that the red LED glows for about 3s.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus the LED glows for PLC scan cycle time, only after '''NO1''' is released.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Summary

* One Shot Rising (OSR)
* One Shot Falling (OSF)

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about

* One Shot Rising (OSR) and
* One Shot Falling (OSF) instructions
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Assignment

Draw a ladder diagram to detect both rising and falling edge of the input signal
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Try this assignment.

Draw a ladder diagram to detect both rising and falling edge of the input signal.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| * Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11: Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12: Thank you slide
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/SET-and-RESET-Coils/English

2020-11-09T10:34:08Z

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''SET & RESET Coils.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning Objectives

* SET-only Coil
* RESET-only Coil

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn about working of

* '''SET-only''' '''Coil''' and
* '''RESET-only Coil'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC version 1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Working of Normal Contact and Normal Coil.
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should know the

* working of '''Normal Contact''' and '''Normal Coil'''
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First we will learn about working of a '''SET-only Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instructions -> Insert Contact >> Place the cursor to the right of the Contact >> Click Instructions -> Insert Coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on contact >> Type ON in name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘ON’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on coil >> Type LED in name box >> Select ‘SET-only’ option >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil.

In the type column select '''‘SET-only’''' option.

Rename the Coil as '''‘LED’'''.

Click the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of XON and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe the state of the '''Contacts''' and '''Coils''' in the '''I/O list'''.

Initially the state of '''XON''' and '''YLED''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on XON >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''XON''' to 1.

The state of '''YLED''' should change to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on XON >>

Highlight the state of the ‘YLED’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''XON '''again to 0.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' is still 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of the ‘YLED’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is, '''SET-only Coil''' sets its state to 1 when it identifies the 0 to 1 transition.

1 to 0 transition has no impact on it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on XON in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign pin '''PC0''' to '''XON''' and '''PA0''' to '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘setonlycoil.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''‘setonlycoil.hex’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘setonlycoil.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''‘setonlycoil.ld’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:setonlycoil.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the Terminal by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| setonlycoil.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| setonlycoil.png

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND '''pin of the red LED of '''Traffic Light module''' to GND of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect the '''+5V''' pin of the red LED to the '''PA0 '''pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| setonlycoil.png

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and 5V of '''Switchboard''' to GND and 5V of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the output
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The red LED starts glowing when the '''NO1''' is pressed.

It will be still glowing even after the switch is released.

Recall, this was not the case with '''Normal Coil '''which we learnt earlier.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is once the LED is set, it will remain set irrespective of the input state

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the connections made for this example.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: How to turn off the LED

* By turning off the power supply
* By resetting the program in the microcontroller
* By using a RESET-only coil

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| There are three ways to turn off the LED which is SET.

First one is turning off the power supply.

Second, is to reset the program in the microcontroller using the reset button.

And the third is with the help of a '''RESET-only''' '''Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see how that third option works.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Instead of creating a new file, we will make changes in the previous file itself.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instructions -> Insert Contact >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a rung below.

Add a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' in the newly added rung as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xnew >> Type ON in name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘OFF’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Ynew >> Type LED in name box >> Select ‘RESET-only’ option >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the newly added Coil.

In the type column select''' ‘RESET-only’ '''Coil option.

Then rename it as '''‘LED’'''.

Click the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘YLED’ in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe in the '''I/O''' list that both the Coils represent the same Coil.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >>

Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of XON and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe the state of the Contacts and Coils in the '''I/O list'''.

Initially the state of '''XON''', '''XOFF''' and '''YLED''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘XON’ >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED’ >> Double-click on ‘XON’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of the Contact '''XON''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' is now set to 1.

Change the state of '''XON''' back to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘XOFF’ >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED’ >> Double-click on ‘XOFF’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, change the state of '''XOFF''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' changes to 0.

Change the state of '''‘XOFF’''' back to 0.

It doesn’t have any effect on the state of the '''‘YLED’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of the ‘YLED’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| So, we can conclude that '''RESET-only coil''' resets to 0 upon 0 to 1 transition.

1-0 transition doesn’t have any effect on it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us now compile the logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight status bar at the bottom of the screen
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see that the microcontroller and its parameters are already set.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on XOFF in I/O list >> Select PC1 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign '''pin PC1''' to '''XOFF''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘resetonlycoil.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''‘resetonlycoil.hex’ '''using the''' ‘Compile As’ '''option.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘resetonlycoil.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''‘resetonlycoil.ld’''' using the '''‘Save As’ '''option.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:resetonlycoil.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to the terminal.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| resetonlycoil.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| resetonlycoil.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Make the connections as in the '''SET-only Coil '''example.

Additionally, connect pin '''PC1''' to '''NO2''' of the '''Switchboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the output
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The red LED starts glowing when the '''NO1''' is pressed.

To turn off the LED we have to press the switch '''NO2'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This shows that '''SET-only''' and '''RESET-only Coils''' come in pairs.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8: Summary

* SET-only coil
* RESET-only coil

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about working of

* SET-only Coil and
* RESET-only Coil

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide : Assignment

Implement reset-dominant SR flip-flop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| As an assignment, implement reset-dominant '''SR flip-flop'''.

Refer to the given truth table.

That is, if both the Set and Reset conditions are 1, the output should reset.

Here '''‘Memory’''' means output of the previous PLC scan cycle is retained.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9: About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Internal-Relay-and-Output-pin/English

2020-10-28T09:13:11Z

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Internal Relay and Output pin'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

Types of sources available for Contacts/Coils

* Internal Relay
* Output pin

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we will learn about,

* Types of sources available for Contacts/Coils.
* (i.e) '''Internal Relay''' and '''Output pin.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC version 1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module and
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Normal Contact and Coil
* Negated Contact and Coil

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of

# '''Normal Contact''' and '''Coil'''
# '''Negated Contact''' and '''Coil'''

* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First we will understand the working of an '''Internal Relay'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Internal Relay

* It can be thought of as a variable inside a PLC memory bit
* It does not affect the external I/O’s of the PLC

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * Internal relay can be thought of as a variable inside a '''PLC''' memory bit.
* It does not affect the external I/O’s of the '''PLC'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’

>> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact '''from '''Instructions.'''

Then to the right of it insert a '''Coil''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the Contact >> Rename the contact as ‘switch’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as''' ‘switch’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the coil >> Select Internal Relay >> Rename it as ‘relay’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil.

In the ‘'''Source'''’ column select ‘'''Internal Relay'''’.

Then rename it as ‘'''relay'''’.

Click the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see that '''‘R’''' is prefixed instead of '''‘Y’''' in the name which indicates relay.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Edit -> Insert Rung After’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us add a new rung after the current rung.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a Contact and a Coil in the newly added rung as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the contact >> Select Internal Relay >> Rename the contact as ‘switch’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the '''Contact'''.

In the '''‘Source’''' column select '''‘Internal''' '''Relay’'''.

Then rename it as '''‘relay’'''.

Click the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Rrelay’ in the IO list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''I/O''' list we can observe there is only one '''‘Rrelay’'''.

Both Contact and Coil are represented by the same '''internal''' '''relay'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the coil >> Rename it as ‘LED’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now rename the Coil as ‘'''LED’''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch, Rrelay and YLED in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of '''Xswitch''', '''YLED '''and''' Rrelay''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Rrelay and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the state of '''‘YLED’''' and '''‘Rrelay'''' have changed to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Rrelay

Highlight ‘Rrelay’ in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now double click on '''Rrelay'''.

We can notice that we are not able to change the state of '''Rrelay'''.

This is because the Internal relay operates in the internal logic of the '''PLC'''.

It does not operate on the '''I/O''' pins directly.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters

>> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign '''PC0''' '''pin''' to '''‘Xswitch’''' and '''PA0''' to '''‘YLED’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Rrelay in the I/O list

Highlight the text in the dialog box

>> Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on '''Rrelay''' in the I/O list.

A dialog box opens.

It says that '''‘Can only assign pin number to input/output pins’'''.

Recall that, Internal relay represents a variable inside PLC memory.

Click on the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus working of this example is similar to the '''‘Normal Contact’''' example'''.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| So we will skip the hardware part.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘internalrelay.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the file as '''‘internalrelay.ld’ '''as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now learn about the source type '''‘Output''' '''pin’''' of the contact.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click File >> Click New
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open a new file in '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil '''as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the Contact >> Rename the contact as ‘switch’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as ‘'''switch’'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the Coil >> Rename it as ‘LED1’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then rename the Coil as ‘'''LED1'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Edit -> Insert Rung After >> Place the cursor in the newly added rung >> Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a rung below.

Again, insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' in the newly added rung.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the contact >> Select Output pin >> Rename the contact as ‘LED1’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the '''Contact'''.

In the '''‘Source’''' column select '''‘Output''' '''pin’'''.

Then rename it as '''‘LED1’'''.

Click the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the name of the contact viz. YLED1
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the name of the Contact is prefixed by '''Y '''and not''' X.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the coil >> Check the ‘Negated’ box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil.

Check the '''‘Negated’''' box and rename it as '''LED2'''.

Click the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the states of all the instructions
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED1''' are 0 and '''YLED2''' is 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch

Highlight the state of YLED1 and YLED2
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

We can observe that the state of the '''YLED1''' changes to 1 and '''YLED2''' to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is the output of '''YLED1''' is given as input to '''YLED2'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation

>> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us compile the logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings

>> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Xswitch pin number

Double-click on YLED1 in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED2 in I/O list >> Select PA1 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that Xswitch has already been assigned pin PC0

Now, assign pin '''PA0''' to '''‘YLED1’''' and '''PA1''' to '''‘YLED2’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> rename it as ‘output-pin.hex’ >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''‘outputpin.hex’''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Rename it as ‘outputpin.ld’ >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''‘outputpin.ld’''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:outputpin.hex’ ''' >> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the terminal by pressing CTRL+ALT+T keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| outputpin.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| outputpin.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and 5V of '''Switchboard''' to GND and 5V of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| outputpin.png

Point to the connections
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Beside the yellow LED of '''Traffic''' '''Light''' module, you will see a +5V pin.

Connect this +5V pin to 5V of the '''Mainboard'''.

Connect the '''‘EN’''' pin to the GND of the '''Mainboard'''.

Connect the '''‘L’''' pin to '''PA0''' of the '''Mainboard''' which represents '''YLED1'''.

Connect the '''‘Ri’''' pin to '''PA1''' of the '''Mainboard''' which represents '''YLED2'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the left green LED will be glowing.

Recall that bottom LED connections should be given logic low for an LED to glow.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point the output
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now press the switch '''NO1'''.

The right green LED starts glowing and the left one goes off at the same time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus the output of the left green LED acts as input to the right green LED.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Summary

* Internal Relay
* Output pin

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about different source types such as

* Internal Relay
* Output pin

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: Assignment

Draw a ladder logic to latch an LED

Hint:

* The LED should turn on when a switch is pressed
* It should stay on even after it is released.

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| As an assignment, draw a ladder logic to latch an LED.

Hint:

* The LED should turn on when a switch is pressed
* It should stay on even after it is released.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* Please post your timed queries in this Forum

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Implementing-OR-and-XOR-logic-gates/English

2020-10-27T10:22:29Z

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Implementing OR & XOR logic gates'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

How to implement logic gates

* OR
* XOR

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will implement '''OR & XOR '''logic gates in '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC version 1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module and
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Normal Contact and Coil
* Negated Contact and Coil

If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of

# '''Normal Contact''' and '''Coil'''
# '''Negated Contact''' and '''Coil'''

* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First we will see how to implement OR gate.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: OR gate

'''OR''' gate outputs 0 only when all of its inputs are 0
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We know that '''OR''' gate outputs 0 only when all of its inputs are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instructions -> Insert Contact

Place the cursor to the right of Xnew >> Click Instructions -> Insert Coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xnew >> Type ‘switch1’ in the name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘switch1’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Ynew >> Type ‘LED’ in the name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then, rename the Coil as '''‘LED’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the below Xswitch1 >> Click Instructions -> Insert Contact
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now place the cursor below '''Xswitch1 '''and insert a Contact.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xnew >> Type ‘switch2’ in the name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the new Contact as '''’switch2’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the states of both the Contacts and Coil are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch1 >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED' >> Double-click on Xswitch1
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch1''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' is 1.

Change the state of '''Xswitch1''' back to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch2 >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED'
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, change the state of '''Xswitch2''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' is 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch1 >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED'
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now again change the state of '''Xswitch1''' to 1.

We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' is 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is, output state is 0 only when both the inputs states are 0.

Thus, resembling the truth table of an '''OR''' gate.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch1 in the I/O list>> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on Xswitch2 in the I/O list >> Select PC1 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in the I/O list>> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign pin '''PC0''' to '''Xswitch1''' and '''PC1''' to '''Xswitch2'''.

Assign '''PA0''' to '''YLED.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''‘orgate.hex’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the file as '''‘orgate.ld’''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >>

type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:orgate.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the Terminal by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| orgate.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| orgate.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND pin''' of the red LED of '''Traffic Light module''' to '''GND''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect the '''+5V''' pin of the red LED to '''PA0''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| orgate.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and '''5V''' of Switchboard to '''GND''' and '''5V''' of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Connect '''NO1''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Connect '''NO2''' to '''PC1''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see that the red LED is off initially.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| It will start glowing when either one of the switches is pressed.

It will also glow when both of the switches are pressed at the same time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus, for an '''OR''' gate the inputs i.e. Contacts should be parallel to each other.

The output i.e. Coil should be in series with both the inputs.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the connections made for this example.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now learn about '''XOR''' gate.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: XOR gate

Boolean equation:

A’B+A’B - (('''NOT''' A) '''AND''' B) '''OR''' (A '''AND''' ('''NOT''' B))

It is a combination of NOT, AND and OR gates
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We know the boolean equation of an '''XOR''' gate with inputs A and B will be AB’+A’B.

Thus it is a combination of '''NOT''', '''AND''' and '''OR''' gates.

|-

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now see how to implement it on '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Instead of creating a new file, we will make changes in the previous file itself.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place cursor to the right of Xswitch1 >> Click Instructions -> Insert Contact >> Double-click on Xnew >> Check the Negated box >> Type switch2 in the name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' to the right of '''Xswitch1'''.

Configure it as '''Negated''' and rename it as '''switch2''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place cursor to the right of Xswitch2 >> Click Instructions -> Insert Contact >> Double-click on Xnew >> Check the Negated box >> Type switch1 in the name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then insert a Contact to the right of '''Xswitch2 '''which is in the parallel rung.

Configure it as '''Negated''' and rename it as '''switch1''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of both the Contacts and Coil are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch1 >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED' >> Double-click on Xswitch1
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch1''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' is 1.

Change the state of '''Xswitch1''' back to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch2 >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED'
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, change the state of '''Xswitch2''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' is 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch1 >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED'
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now again change the state of '''Xswitch1''' to 1.

We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' changes to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is the output state is 0 when both the inputs have the same state.

Thus, resembling the truth table of an '''XOR''' gate.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight I/O list and status bar
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the microcontroller and its parameters are already set.

Pin assignment is also already done.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >>

Rename it as ‘xorgate.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''xorgate.hex '''using '''‘Compile As’''' option.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >>

Rename it as ‘xorgate.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''‘xorgate.ld’''' using''' '''the '''‘Save As’ '''option.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >>

type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:xorgate.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to the terminal.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| xorgate.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| xorgate.png

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The connections will be same as in the '''OR''' '''gate '''example.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the red LED is off.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| It will start glowing only when either of the switches are pressed, but not both.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: Summary

How to implement logic gates

* OR
* XOR

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we learnt to implement logic gates

* OR and
* XOR

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8: Assignment:

Implement 2 input XNOR logic gate
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| As an assignment, try to implement 2 input '''XNOR''' logic gate.

Truth table of XNOR gate is shown here

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* Please post your timed queries in this forum

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Implementing-NOT-and-AND-logic-gates/English

2020-10-19T11:32:02Z

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Implementing NOT & AND logic gates'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

How to implement logic gates

* NOT
* AND

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will implement '''NOT & AND '''logic gates in '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04 OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC version 1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Normal Contact and Coil
* Negated Contact and Coil

If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of

# '''Normal Contact''' and '''Coil'''
# '''Negated Contact''' and '''Coil'''

* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First we will implement a '''NOT''' gate.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: '''NOT gate'''

For a '''NOT''' gate the output boolean is inverse of the input
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We know that for a '''NOT''' gate the output boolean is inverse of the input.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instructions -> Insert Contact >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a Contact as shown.

Place the cursor to the right of the Contact and insert a Coil.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on contact >> Type switch in name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘switch’ '''as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on coil >> Select ‘Negated’ option >> Type LED in name box >>Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next configure the Coil as '''Negated''' and rename it as '''LED'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on S'''imulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of '''Xswitch''' is 0 and '''YLED''' is 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in the IO list >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' changes to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is resembling the truth table of a '''NOT''' gate.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch >> Check the Negated box >> Click the OK button

Double-click on coil >> Select ‘Normal’ option >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Configure the Contact as '''Negated''' and Coil as '''Normal'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now again start real-time simulation.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of '''Xswitch''' is 0 and '''YLED''' is 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in the IO list >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' is 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus either input or output being negated works as a NOT gate.

Note: Both input and output shouldn’t be negated at the same time for NOT gate.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign pin '''PC0''' to '''Xswitch''' and '''PA0''' to '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘notgate.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''notgate.hex'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘notgate.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''‘notgate.ld’''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:notgate.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the Terminal by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| notgate.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| notgate.png

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND pin''' of the red LED of '''Traffic Light module''' to '''GND''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect +5V pin of the red LED to '''PA0''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| notgate.png

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and '''5V''' of Switchboard to '''GND''' and '''5V''' of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Connect '''NO1''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see that the red LED is glowing initially.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| It will go off whenever the '''NO1''' is pressed.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This shows the working of a NOT gate.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the connections made for this example.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next we will now see how to implement an '''AND''' gate in '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: AND gate

* '''AND''' gate output state is 1 only when all of its input states are 1

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We know that '''AND''' gate output state is 1 only when all of its input states are 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click File -> New
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open a new file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instructions -> Insert Contact

Place the cursor to the right of Xnew >> Click Instructions -> Insert Contact
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here we will implement a two-input '''AND''' gate.

Insert two '''Contacts '''as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xnew >> Type switch1 in the name box >> Click the OK button

Double-click on Xnew >> Type switch2 in the name box >> Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the first Contact as '''‘switch1’''' and second Contact as '''‘switch2’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of Xswitch2 >> Click Instructions -> Insert Coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of '''Xswitch2''' and insert a Coil.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Ynew >> Type LED in the name box >> Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Coil as '''‘LED’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of both the '''Contacts''' and '''Coil''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch1 in the IO list >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED' >> Double-click on Xswitch1 in the IO list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch1''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' is still 0.

Change the state of '''Xswitch1''' back to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch2 in the IO list >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED'
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, change the state of '''Xswitch2''' to 1.

We can observe the state of '''YLED''' is still 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch1 in the IO list >> Highlight the state of the ‘YLED'
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now again change the state of '''Xswitch1''' to 1.

We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' is 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is, output state is 1 only when both the inputs states are 1.

Thus, resembling the truth table of a '''AND''' gate.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch1 in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on Xswitch2 in I/O list >> Select PC1 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign pin '''PC0''' to '''Xswitch1''' and '''PC1''' to '''Xswitch2'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘andgate.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''andgate.hex'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘andgate.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''‘andgate.ld’''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:andgate.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the terminal.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| andgate.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| andgate.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND pin''' of the red LED of '''Traffic Light module''' to '''GND''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect the '''+5V''' pin of the red LED to '''PA0''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| andgate.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and '''5V''' of Switchboard to '''GND''' and '''5V''' of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Connect '''NO1''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard''' and connect '''NO2''' to '''PC1''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see that the red LED is off initially.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| It will glow only when both '''NO1''' and '''NO2''' are pressed simultaneously.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus, for '''AND''' gate both the inputs i.e. Contacts should be in series.

The output i.e. Coil should also be in series with the inputs.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: Summary

We learnt to implement logic gates

* NOT
* AND

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we learnt to implement logic gates

* NOT and
* AND

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8: Assignment

Implement 2 input NAND logic gate
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| As an assignment, try to implement 2 input '''NAND''' logic gates.

Truth table of the '''NAND''' gate is shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Normal-Coil/English

2020-10-19T11:09:51Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Negated-Coil-and-Negated-Contact/English

2020-10-12T12:55:49Z

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' Negated Coil & Negated Contact.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives:

* Negated Coil
* Negated Contact

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn about working of

* '''Negated Coil'''
* '''Negated Contact'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' '''OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC version 1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Program OpenPLC V1 Mainboard and
* Interface OpenPLC modules with Mainboard.

If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* To follow this tutorial, you should know how to

# program '''OpenPLC V1 Mainboard''' and
# interface '''OpenPLC''' modules with '''Mainboard'''.

* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we’ll learn about working of a '''Negated Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Coil''' from '''Instructions''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Negated’ radio button >> Type LED in the name column

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the ‘'''Negated'''’ option in the '''Type''' column.

Rename the Coil as '''LED''' and click on the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe a slash between the brackets for a '''Negated''' '''Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’

Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe the state of '''YLED''' in the '''I/O list.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of YLED in I/O list at the bottom of the screen
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' is 0.

That is for a '''Negated''' '''Coil''' when the input is logic 1, the output will be logic 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then, assign '''pin PA0''' to the Coil '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘negatedcoil.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''negatedcoil.hex''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘negatedcoil.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''negatedcoil.ld''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:negatedcoil.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the Terminal by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''+5V pin''' of the red LED of '''Traffic Light module''' to '''5V pin''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect the '''GND pin''' of the red LED to '''PA0 pin''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Note the difference in the connections with that of a '''Normal Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the output

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the red LED is glowing.

That is the I/O pin '''PA0''' gives the output of the Coil which is logic 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus we learnt the working of a Negated Coil using an LED.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the connections made for this example.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next, we will learn about the working of '''Negated Contact.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Instead of creating a new file, we will make changes in the previous file itself.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the left of the coil >> Click on Instruction -> Insert Contact
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place a '''Contact''' to the left of the '''Coil''' as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Contact >> Check the ‘Negated' box
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''Contact''' and check the '''Negated''' box.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Negated Contact''' will pass the state of the signal when its state is logic 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Type switch in the name box >> Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as '''‘switch’''' and click the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the states of both Xswitch and YLED in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe the state of the '''Contact''' and the '''Coil''' in the '''I/O list'''.

Initially the state of both '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of the '''Xswitch''' to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the states of both Xswitch and YLED in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' is also 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus, when the state of a '''Negated Contact''' is 1 it doesn’t pass the signal through it.

That is the output from a Negated Contact is 0, when its input is logic 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now compile this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the status bar at the bottom of the screen
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the microcontroller and its parameters are already set.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign the '''pin PC0''' to '''Xswitch'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile as >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘negatedcontact.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''negatedcontact.hex '''using the '''‘Compile As’''' option.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘negated-contact.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''negatedcontact.ld '''using the '''‘Save As’''' option'''.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to terminal >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:negatedcontact.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to the terminal.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown and upload this hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and '''5V''' of switchboard to '''GND''' and '''5V''' of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''+5V pin''' of the red LED of '''Traffic Light module''' to '''5V pin''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect the '''GND pin''' of the red LED to '''PA0 pin''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the LED glows even before the switch '''NO1''' is pressed.

The red LED turns off whenever the '''NO1''' is pressed.

That is the corresponding switch LED and the red LED glows alternately.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now connect '''PC0''' to '''NC1''' instead of '''NO1 '''as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the live demo now.

We can observe the red LED is off initially.

It is ON whenever the switch''' NC1''' is pressed.

That is the corresponding switch LED and the red LED glows simultaneously.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now connect '''PC0''' to '''L1 '''as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially, the red LED is on.

The red LED turns off when the '''L1''' is pressed.

Thus the corresponding switch LED and the red LED glows alternately.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This shows how a '''Negated''' '''Contact''' behaves with different types of switches.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Summary

* Negated Coil
* Negated Contact

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about working of

* Negated Coil
* Negated Contact

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Assignment

Try cross combination and observe the results

* Normal Contact with Negated Coil
* Negated Contact with Normal Coil

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| As an assignment,

Try cross combination and observe the results.

That is, '''Normal Contact''' with the '''Negated Coil'''.

And '''Negated Contact''' with the '''Normal Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* Please post your timed queries in this forum

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Normal-Contact/English

2020-09-29T11:30:09Z

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Normal-Coil/English

2020-08-12T11:34:16Z

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Programming-OpenPLC/English

2020-08-04T05:09:36Z

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/OpenPLC-version-1-Mainboard/English

2020-03-17T10:02:37Z

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Simulation-and-Compilation/English

2020-03-16T11:35:20Z

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Simulation and Compilation''' in LDmicro.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning Objectives

* Simulate a ladder diagram
* Compile a ladder diagram in LDmicro

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn how to

* '''Simulate''' a ladder diagram and
* '''Compile''' a ladder diagram in '''LDmicro'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3:

System Requirements

* Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' '''operating system
* LDmicro

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 operating system
* '''LDmicro'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* How to create a ladder diagram in LDmicro
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should know

* How to create a ladder diagram in '''LDmicro'''.
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First we will know about''' LDmicro simulator.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5:

LDmicro - Simulator

* LDmicro has an in-built simulator
* It helps us to verify ladder diagram before experimenting on the actual hardware.
* It reduces the hardware damage due to improper code

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* '''LDmicro''' has an in-built '''simulator'''.
* It helps us to verify ladder diagram before experimenting on the actual hardware.
* It reduces the hardware damage due to improper code.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| narration
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see how to simulate a ladder diagram.

We will use the ladder diagram file, '''sample.ld '''which we created earlier.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Code Files - sample.ld

* The file '''sample.ld '''used in this tutorial is available in the '''Code files''' link of this tutorial page
* Please download and use them while practising

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The file '''sample.ld''' is available in the '''Code files''' link of this tutorial.

Please download and use them while practising.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘File -> Open’

Select the file

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''File '''and then''' Open.'''

Select the file '''sample.ld '''from the location where you have saved.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on “Simulate -> Simulation Mode”
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''Simulate '''then on '''Simulation Mode'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight first rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''Simulation''' '''Mode''', the whole ladder diagram changes to gray.

The cursor also disappears.

We can’t place an instruction in the '''Simulation''' mode.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight second rung

Highlight first rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The instructions that are energized appear in bright red color.

The instructions that are not energized appear in gray color.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight second rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here, the '''LED2''' is energized as it is directly connected to the positive rail.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘switch’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The '''LED1''' is not energized.

This is because there is a '''switch''' in between the positive rail and '''LED1'''.

For '''LED1''' to be energized, '''switch''' should be '''ON'''.

i.e, It should be given value 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on ‘switch’ in I/O list and highlight the I/O list

Double click on ‘switch’ in the editor window and highlight the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can change the state of the inputs in two ways.

1. Double-click on the list that appears at the bottom of the screen.

We can see that the state changes to 1.

2. Otherwise, double-click on appropriate instruction in the ladder diagram.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight state of the ‘switch’ in I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Note that '''LED1''' isn’t energized even after changing the state of the '''switch'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This is because the change will not be reflected until the PLC cycles.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| For the changes to be reflected, choose either one of the below options.

# '''Simulate -> Start Real Time Simulation''' or
# '''Single cycle''' option.

If you choose ‘'''Single Cycle'''’ option, the '''PLC''' cycles only for one time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Single cycle’

Highlight first rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select ‘'''Single Cycle'''’.

Now we can observe that the first '''rung''' is energized.

That is, '''LED1''' is glowing.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the ‘switch’ in the I/O list

Highlight first rung
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now again change the state of the ‘'''switch'''’ from 1 to 0.

We can see that the '''LED1''' is still glowing even after the '''switch''' is off.

It means that input changes are not reflected.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Therefore, we need to choose ‘'''Single Cycle’''' every time we change the input state.

Use the ‘'''Single Cycle'''’ option when you want to debug the program step by step.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| But, this is not the case with '''Real-Time Simulation'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Choose ‘Simulation -> Real-Time Simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, select ‘'''Simulate -> Start Real-Time Simulation'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the ‘switch’ in the I/O list

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of the ‘'''switch'''’ from 0 to 1.

We can observe that the state of '''LED1''' changes to 1 immediately.

Thus, the outputs gets auto-updated according to the input changes.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Halt Simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can halt simulation by clicking on ‘'''Simulate ->''' '''Halt Simulation'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘SImulate -> Simulation mode’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then click on ‘'''Simulate'''’ and on ‘'''Simulation mode'''’ for one more time.

This will turn off the simulation mode.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| narration
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next, we’ll see the effects of cycle time on ladder diagram.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: Cycle time

It includes

# reading the input states
# executing the program
# updating the outputs

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The cycle time of a PLC is the time taken from

# reading the input states,
# executing the program and
# updating the outputs.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we’ll see the effect of cycle time in '''LDmicro.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings

Click on MCU parameters
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''‘Settings’'''.

Then click on '''MCU parameters.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight cycle time

Change the cycle time to 5s

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| By default, the cycle time is set to 10 milliseconds.

Change it to 5s i.e. 5000ms.

Then, click on the '''OK''' button in the top right of the window.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode

Click Simulate -> Start Real-time simulation

Double click on Xswitch in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now start''' real time simulation''' as shown.

Change the state of the '''‘switch’''' to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to YLED1 state.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| You can observe that the '''LED1''' doesn’t change its state immediately.

Instead it takes upto 5s to get its state updated.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Simulate -> Simulation mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next, we will see how to compile a ladder diagram.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8: Pre-compilation checklist

* Microcontroller selection
* MCU Parameters
* I/O assignment

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Before compiling, we need to check the following:

* Selection of proper Microcontroller

* Setting Microcontroller parameters

* Assigning ports to I/O instructions

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch to '''LDmicro''' interface.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on ‘Settings’ >> Click ‘Microcontroller’

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we’ve to select the part number of the microcontroller.

In the menu bar, click on '''Settings -> Microcontroller'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the list of microcontrollers

Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here, you can observe the list of supported microcontrollers by '''LDmicro'''.

I’m using '''Atmel AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

So, I’ll select ‘'''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP'''’.

If you are using a different microcontroller, select accordingly from the menu.

Because different microcontrollers have different hex files for the same program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Settings’ >> Click ‘MCU parameters’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now click on '''Settings -> MCU Parameters'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to ‘PLC Configuration’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| ‘'''PLC Configuration'''’ pop-up window appears.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here you can set different parameters.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Cycle time’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the cycle time value to 10 milliseconds.

10 milliseconds is a good value for most of the applications.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next is '''Crystal Frequency:'''

* We have attached a 16 MHz external crystal in the OpenPLC hardware.
* So set crystal frequency to 16 if you are using the same hardware.
* Always set proper values.
* Otherwise it may cause communication and timers to behave inappropriately.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Baud rate’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next is '''UART Baud rate''':

By default, it is in disable state.

It will be enabled only when you are using any of the serial instructions.

We will learn about this in detail when we use serial instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After setting the microcontroller parameters properly, click on the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the default names
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We should change the default names of the instructions before compiling the logic.

Please remember this whenever you compile the logic.

We have changed the default names for this ladder diagram in the earlier tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we must assign '''I/O '''pin to each '''I/O''' instruction.

Because different I/O assignment generates different hex files.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| On LDmicro interface:

Double-click on ‘switch’ in I/O list

Select ‘PA7’

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To do so, double-click on ‘'''Xswitch'''’ in the '''I/O list'''.

A pop up window opens showing the unallocated pins.

Just select a pin accordingly.

I’ll select ‘'''PA7'''’, which is the 7th pin of Port A.

Then, click on the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on ‘LED1’ in I/O list

Select ‘PC0’

Click OK

Double-click on ‘LED2’ in I/O list

Select ‘PC1’

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, double-click on '''YLED1''' and assign '''PC0''' as shown.

Then double-click on '''YLED2''' and assign '''PC1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We have assigned '''I/O pin''' to each '''I/O instruction.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, let us compile.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Compile’ >> Click ‘Compile’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''Compile '''then on '''Compile.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Desktop

Rename it as ‘sample’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Save''' pop-up window opens.

I’ll save it in the folder '''LDmicro''' on '''Desktop''' with the same name '''‘sample.hex’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will get a pop-up window which shows ‘'''Compile Successful'''’.

Click on the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Compile -> Compile As’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| If you want to save it under other name choose ‘'''Compile -> Compile As'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

Summary

* Simulate a ladder diagram
* Compile a ladder diagram in LDmicro

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to

* '''Simulate''' a ladder diagram and
* '''Compile''' a ladder diagram in '''LDmicro'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Assignment:

* Change the cycle time to 3s and 10s
* Observe the changes while simulating

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| As an assignment,

# Change the cycle time to 3 secs and then to 10 secs
# Observe the changes in simulation time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Forum questions
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 15:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 16:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Introduction-to-LDmicro/English

2020-03-16T10:34:02Z

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Introduction to LDmicro.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning Objectives

* Explore LDmicro interface
* Create a simple ladder logic

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will

* Explore '''LDmicro''' interface and
* Create a simple '''ladder logic'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3:

System Requirements

* Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' '''operating system
* LDmicro

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 operating system and
* '''LDmicro'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4:

Pre-requisites

* LDmicro should have installed on your system
* If not, please refer to the relevant LDMicro tutorials on this website

https://spoken-tutorial.org
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have '''LDmicro''' installed on your system.

If not, please refer to the relevant '''LDMicro''' tutorials on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Type LDmicro

Click on LDmicro icon
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us launch the ‘'''LDmicro'''’ interface in linux.

Go to the unity search bar and type ‘'''LDmicro'''’.

Double click on the ‘'''LDmicro'''’ icon.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal

Type ldmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| You can also launch LDmciro through terminal.

Open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl + Alt + T''' keys simultaneously.

Type '''ldmicro'''.

Note that all the letters in '''LDmicro''' are small case.

Press '''ENTER.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| narration
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Windows''' users can launch it by double-clicking the executable file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see '''Program editor '''window opens.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point rungs
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The horizontal lines in which we write our ladder diagram are called '''Rungs'''.

The '''Rung''' with '''‘END’''' instruction denotes the end of the ladder diagram.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point rails
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The two vertical lines at the start and end of each rung are called '''Rails'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point left rail

Point right rail
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The left rail is connected to '''Positive''', and the right rail is connected to '''Ground'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Show the direction of current flow
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus, the current flows from left rail to right rail.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Instructions’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see about instructions

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4:

Instructions

* Mainly two types, Input and Output instructions
* Output instructions are always the last instruction in a rung
* Minimum of one output instruction in a rung

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * In''' ladder logic''', we categorize instructions mainly as input and output instructions.
* Output instructions are always the last instruction in a rung
* Every '''rung''' must have a minimum of one output instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will learn how to place instructions in '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro

Click on ‘Instructions’ and highlight the elements
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro''' interface.

In the top menu bar, click on '''Instructions'''.

There are many elements available under '''Instructions'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point cursor
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Every instruction is placed at the current cursor position.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Instruction >> Insert Contact

Highlight the Keyboard shortcuts
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will first place a '''contact''' by clicking on '''Instructions -> Insert Contacts.'''

The letter ‘C’ in the '''Insert Contacts menu '''represents the keyboard shortcut.

You can either use the menu or the shortcut keys to place the instruction.

We can see that the cursor is blinking before the new '''Contact'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to Xnew
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can now see that the contact is inserted at the current cursor position.

It is named as '''Xnew''' by default.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see a I/O list at the bottom of the window.

All the variables used in the program will be displayed in this''' I/O list.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the icon and show the tooltip
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Below the menu bar, you can see a toolbar with icons which are frequently used.

For example, the first icon is '''‘Normal contact’'''.

You can use this tool bar as well to place instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Demo of cursor position
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next we will place a '''Coil'''.

For that, place the cursor to the right end of the '''Contact'''.

This can be done by clicking with the mouse pointer at the appropriate position.

Otherwise with the help of arrow keys you can change the cursor position.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| click on '''Instructions->Insert Coil'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''Instructions->Insert Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Contact and Coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the '''contact''' appears red whereas '''coil''' in white.

This is because an instruction gets highlighted when cursor is placed near it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the coil and right power rail
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here, the '''coil''' is placed automatically at the extreme right of the '''rung.'''

This is because it is an output instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor on the right side of the coil

Click on ‘Instructions’

HIghlight Instructions list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Try placing an instruction to the right of the '''Coil'''.

Place the cursor to the right of the '''coil'''.

Click on '''‘Instructions’.'''

We can see that no instruction is enabled.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Therefore, no other instruction can be placed at the right of an output instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor on the right side of the coil

Click on ‘Instructions’

Highlight ‘Insert Contact’

Highlight ‘Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| If we move the cursor to the left of the coil, we can place another '''contact.'''

But we cannot place a '''coil'''.

Place the cursor to the left of the '''coil.'''

Click on '''Instructions.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the instructions which are disabled
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe few instructions are disabled.

These are output instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight instructions on Instructions list except ‘Insert Contact’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Contact''' is an example of an input instruction.

There are many such input instructions.

We will learn about different instructions and their behavior later in this series.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can even add multiple input and output instructions in a single '''rung'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5:

Multiple inputs and Multiple outputs

* Multiple inputs can be connected either in series or in parallel.
* Multiple outputs in series is not preferred.
* We can add multiple outputs in parallel.

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * Multiple inputs can be connected either in series or in parallel.
* Whereas, multiple outputs in series is not preferred.
* However, we can add multiple outputs in parallel.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor below the ‘switch’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we will see how to place input instructions in parallel.

Place the cursor below the '''Contact.'''

We can see the cursor blinking horizontally.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instruction >> Insert Contacts
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' by clicking '''Normal Contact''' icon.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of the first contact

Click ‘Normal Contact’ icon
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we will see how to place input instructions in series.

We can add another contact in series to the first Contact.

Place the cursor to the right of the first Contact.

Now, we can see the cursor blinking vertically.

Insert '''Contact''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor below the coil

Click on ‘Normal Coil’ icon

Highlight both the coils in parallel
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, we can add '''Coils''' in parallel as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place cursor to the left of the coil in the first rung.

Click on ‘Instructions’

Point ‘Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us try to add two coils in series.

Place the cursor to the left of the coil in the first rung.

Click on '''Instructions'''.

Notice that we are unable to add coils in series.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Edit’ in the top menu bar
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can also delete a particular instruction or an entire '''rung'''.

Now let us see how to delete.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the Contact in series with ‘switch’

Click ‘Edit >> Delete Selected Rung’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the newly added contact which is in series with the first '''Contact'''.

In the menu bar, Click on ‘'''Edit'''’

Click ‘'''Delete Selected element'''’

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the Contact in parallel with ‘switch’

Click ‘Edit >> Delete Selected Rung’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, delete the contact in parallel to the first '''Contact''' and '''Coil''' parallel to the first coil.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Edit >> Insert Rung after’

Highlight ‘Insert Rung Before’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll add a new '''rung'''.

Click on '''‘Edit’.'''

We can see options such as '''Insert Rung after''',''' Insert Rung Before'''.

I’ll select''' Insert Rung after'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor on the new rung

Click ‘instructions >> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now insert a '''coil''' in the newly added '''rung''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see how to change the default names of these instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the contact

Change the name to ‘switch’

Highlight the other options i.e ‘Input pin’ etc.

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''contact.'''

A dialog box opens.

Change its name in the '''Name''' text box to ‘'''switch'''’.

Click on the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil

Change the name to ‘LED1’

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, change the name of the '''Coil''' in first rung to '''LED1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil

Change the name to ‘LED2’

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the name of the '''Coil''' in second rung to '''LED2'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the ‘YLED1’ in I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The reflected names will appear in the '''I/O list'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to X and Y
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can notice an '''X''' prefixed before the name of the '''Contact''' and '''Y''' for '''Coil'''.

The first letter is prefixed for some instructions by default.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Help’ >> Click ‘Manual’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the manual of LDmicro for prefixed naming convention.

In the menu bar, click on '''Help''' and then '''Manual'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the prefixes list.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Scroll down.

Under ‘'''BASICS'''’ we can find the list.

These are the prefixes if we create a variable called '''‘name’.'''

The prefixed letter indicates what kind of object it is.

Close the manual.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘File -> Save’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us save the file.

Click on '''File''' and then '''‘Save’'''.

Save pop up window appears.

The ladder logic files are saved with the extension '''.ld'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Type sample.ld
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| I’ll save it as '''sample.ld''' in ‘'''LDmicro'''’ folder on the '''Desktop.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:Summary

* Explore LDmicro interface
* Create a simple ladder logic

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to

* Explore '''LDmicro''' interface
* Create a simple ladder logic
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Installation-of-LDmicro-on-Windows/English

2019-05-10T06:10:26Z

Priyanka.guntaka123: Created page with "'''Title of the script''':''' '''Installation of LDmicro on Windows '''Author:''' Harsha Priyanka '''Reviewer: '''Akshay Chipkar '''Keywords:''' Ladder Logic, LDmicro, LDm..."

'''Title of the script''':''' '''Installation of LDmicro on Windows

'''Author:''' Harsha Priyanka

'''Reviewer: '''Akshay Chipkar

'''Keywords:''' Ladder Logic, LDmicro, LDmicro Installation, AVRDUDE installation, USBasp programmer drivers installation, Disable driver signature enforcement, Video tutorials

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:

Welcome slide
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Installation of LDmicro on Windows'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning Objectives

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will see how to install,

* '''LDmicro'''
* '''AVRDUDE'''
* '''Drivers''' for '''USBasp programmer'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3:

System Requirements
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* Windows 8 operating system
* USBasp programmer

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4a:

What is LDmicro?

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| What is '''LDmicro'''?

* '''LDmicro''' is an open source software.
* It is used to draw a '''ladder diagram '''or''' ladder logic''' to program PLCs.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4b:

What is LDmicro?
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| * We can simulate this '''ladder diagram '''or''' ladder logic''' in real time on our computer.
* It can also generate native code for certain '''PIC16''' and '''Atmel AVR microcontrollers'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see how to install '''LDmicro'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| OpenPLC website

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| To download the installation files, open a web browser of your choice.

Make sure you have an active internet connection.

Go to the website [https://openplc.fossee.in https://openplc.fossee.in]

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| OpenPLC website
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In the top menu bar, click on the '''Resources''' link.

Click on '''User Downloads''' link present under the '''Downloads '''tab'''.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| OpenPLC website

<nowiki><point to various links></nowiki>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Here we will find link to download '''LDmicro''' installation files for '''Windows'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click LDmicro for Windows
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''LDmicro for Windows '''link.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Point .exe file
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''Downloads '''folder, the downloaded .exe file is available.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the .exe file
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''.exe''' file

We will get a warning message as:

'''‘Windows SmartScreen prevented an unrecognized app from starting’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘More info’ >> Click ‘Run anyway’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''‘More info’.'''

Then, click on '''‘Run anyway’ '''button'''.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This will open the '''LDmicro-Program Editor window.'''

Thus, we’ve successfully installed '''LDmicro'''.

Close the window.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Next, we’ll see how to install '''AVRDUDE'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5:

What is AVRDUDE?
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| What is '''AVRDUDE'''?

'''AVRDUDE '''stands for '''AVR Downloader Uploader'''.

It is a tool for downloading or uploading the on-chip memories of AVR microcontrollers.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the installation of '''AVRDUDE'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to the browser

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Point Windows row

Point ‘WinAVR (avrdude)’ link
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''User Downloads''' page, in''' Windows''' row, click on '''WinAVR (avrdude).'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click WinAVR (avrdude)
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| It will redirect to '''sourceforge.net''' website.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on ‘Files’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on the ‘'''Files'''’ tab.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘WinAVR’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on ‘'''WinAVR'''’ folder.

We can see a list of folders for different versions of '''AVRDUDE'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘20100110’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on the first folder available in the list, which indicates the latest version.

In my case, it is ‘'''20100110'''‘.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click WinAVR-20100110-install.exe

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Then, click on '''WinAVR-20100110-install.exe.'''

This will download the executable file for '''AVRDUDE.'''

It will take some time to download the file.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Point .exe file
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''Downloads''' folder, the downloaded .exe file is available

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Right click on the .exe file

Click on ‘Run as administrator’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Right click on it and select ‘'''Run as Administrator'''’

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Yes’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| A window will pop-up asking permission to install.

Click on ‘'''Yes'''’ button

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Select ‘English’ >> Click ‘OK’ >> Click ‘Next’ >> Click ‘I Agree’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Then another window pops up asking to select a language.

Select '''English''' and then click ‘'''OK'''’ button.

Click ‘'''Next'''’ in the Setup Wizard window.

Click ‘'''I agree'''’ in the License Agreement window.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Browse the location
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Browse to the location where you would want to install the software.

I’ll install it on '''Desktop'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Next’ >> Click ‘Install’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on ‘'''Next'''’ button.

Click on ‘'''Install'''’ button.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Finish’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| It will take some time to install the software

After completion, click on ‘'''Finish'''’ button.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open Windows search
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| To make sure it is installed, open '''command prompt''' using Windows search.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Type ‘avrdude'''’'''

Point the version number
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Type ‘'''avrdude'''’ and press '''ENTER.'''

We can see the version of''' AVRDUDE''' installed on the machine.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Next, we will see about '''USBasp programmer'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6:

(picture of USBasp programmer, '''USBasp_Programmer.jpg''')
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This is a picture of a USBasp programmer

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7:

Why USBasp drivers?
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| * A '''USBasp''' programmer is used to program the controller on '''OpenPLC''' main board
* '''AVRDUDE''' will not recognize the '''USBasp''', if drivers are not installed.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see how to install the '''USBasp''' driver

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to the browser.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| I’m using '''Windows 8 OS''' to do the installation.

The procedure is same for '''Windows 10 '''also'''.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we need to download the installation files.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘USBasp drivers’ link
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In the Windows row, Click on ‘'''USBasp drivers'''’ link to download them.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Point the .zip file
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''Downloads''' folder, we can see a .zip file of '''USBasp''' drivers

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Right click >> Click ‘Extract All’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Right click on it and select ‘'''Extract All'''’.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Extract’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Browse to the location where you want to extract and click ‘'''Extract'''’.

I’ll extract to the '''Downloads''' folder.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''USBasp '''programmer to one of the USB ports of your PC.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Open Windows search
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, open Windows search.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Type ‘Device Manager’

Press ENTER
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Search for ‘'''Device Manager'''’.

In Windows 8, we can find '''‘Device Manager’''' under '''Settings '''

Click on '''Device Manager.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Other Devices’

Point ‘USBasp’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on ‘'''Other devices'''’.

We can see ‘'''USBasp'''’.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Point yellow sign
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The yellow sign near '''USBasp''' indicates that it’s not connected.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Right click on ‘USBasp’ >> Click ‘Update Driver Software’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Right click on it and select ‘'''Update Driver Software'''’.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| A window will pop up with ‘'''How do you want to search for driver software?'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Browse my computer for driver software’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘'''Browse my computer for driver software'''’

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Browse to the location

Click ‘Install’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Browse to the location where you have extracted the ‘'''USBasp drivers'''’ folder.

I’ll change to '''Downloads.'''

Click on '''Next''' button.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Point the message
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| But, we can see a message as:

‘'''Windows encountered a problem installing the driver software for your device’'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This is because there is driver restriction for non-digitally signed drivers.

Only digitally signed drivers are allowed in '''Windows 8''' and '''Windows 10'''

Therefore we have to disable the signature checking.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Press SHIFT and Restart
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| To do that, hold the '''shift''' key and '''restart''' the computer.

The computer will restart with some clicking options on the screen.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘troubleshoot’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on ‘'''Troubleshoot'''’ option.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Advanced Options’

Click ‘Startup Settings’

Text box
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Then click on ‘'''Advanced Options'''’.

Click on ‘'''Startup Settings'''’.

On Windows 10, it might be on a second page, after "'''Show more settings'''"

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the options
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| A new window opens with the message:

‘'''after restart you will be able to change some windows options'''’.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Restart’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now simply click on the '''Restart''' button.

When the computer reboots it will show some options on the screen.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Press 7
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Press 7 in the keyboard to select option 7, i.e ‘'''Disable driver signature enforcement'''’.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| After that, the computer will start windows normally but now with''' '''disabled driver signature detection.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now again go to ‘'''Device manager'''’ and try installing the driver as before

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We’ll get a warning that says ‘'''Windows can’t verify the publisher of this driver software’'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Install this driver software anyway’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Ignore it, and click on ‘'''Install this driver software anyway'''’

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see a message ‘'''Windows has successfully updated your driver software’.'''

Click on the '''close''' button.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Point ‘USBasp’ in ‘Other devices’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we can observe that the yellow sign at '''USBasp''' is not there.

Thus, '''USBasp''' drivers are successfully installed and working

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:

Summary

* How to install LDmicro
* How to install AVRDUDE
* How to install drivers for USBasp programmer

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt How to install

* LDmicro
* AVRDUDE
* drivers for USBasp programmer

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| * The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
* Please download and watch it

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

* Please visit this site
* Choose the minute and second where you have the question
* Explain your question briefly
* Someone from our team will answer them

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general/technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgment
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at

this link.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Installation-of-LDmicro-on-Linux/English

2019-04-25T07:55:03Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Installation-of-LDmicro-on-Linux/English

2019-04-25T07:54:10Z

Priyanka.guntaka123:

OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Installation-of-LDmicro-on-Linux/English

2019-04-25T07:44:20Z

Priyanka.guntaka123: Created page with "{| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center> | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <cente..."