Difference between revisions of "LaTeX/C2/Mathematical-Typesetting/English-timed"

! <center>Time</center>

!<center>Narration</center>

| 00:01

| Welcome to this '''spoken tutorial''' on '''Mathematical Typesetting''' in '''LaTeX'''.  

| 00:06

| 00:08

| A reminder: we should call it LaTeX and not latex.

| 00:15

| In this tutorial, we will learn how to create mathematical symbols in '''LaTeX'''.

| 00:20

| In particular, How to get into and leave from the mathematical mode the role of spaces and creating them Mathematical symbols

| 00:31

| Finally, '''A M S math package''' and its use in creating '''matrices'''

| 00:37

| I am creating this tutorial on our less than 10,000 Rupee laptop.

| 00:43

|I am using '''Ubuntu, TeXworks''', and '''LaTeX.'''

| 00:46

| The prerequisites are the following Basic spoken tutorials on '''LaTeX.'''

| 00:53

| Exposure to the '''side-by-side '''tutorial.

| 00:56

| All are available from our website.

| 01:00

| I shall use the file '''maths.tex'''

| 01:04

|It is available as a code file, in our web page, where you found this tutorial

| 01:10

|In the same location, you will find this '''pdf''' file from the '''TeX user group, India'''

| 01:17

| We shall use it when we do assignments

| 01:20

| Let me go to the '''‘TeXworks’''' window.

| 01:23

| Go to TeXworks, opened in 600x400, with maths.tex read in

| 01:25

| I have already opened the file '''maths.tex'''.

| 01:27

| 01:32

| We have already seen the commands that are at the top of this file.

| 01:36

|This command removes the paragraph indent.

| 01:42

| 01:46

| 01:52

| We use '''dollar''' sign to get into mathematical mode in '''LaTeX'''.  

| 01:56

| Let us begin with '''alpha''' We write '''$ back slash alpha $'''.

| 02:06

| Let us compile and see that we get the Greek letter '''alpha''' in the '''pdf'''.

| 02:14

| 02:24

| From now on, I will not explicitly mention dollar or the back slash.

|02:29

| 02:34

| Similarly we write '''beta, gamma,''' and '''delta'''. That is compile

|I did not save the '''tex''' file, as '''TeXworks''' does it automatically.

| 02:56

| Let us delete these.

| 03:00

| We will next take up the concept of spaces in mathematical expressions.

|How do we generate '''alpha a'''? That is, the product of '''alpha''' and '''a''' Let us try '''alpha a'''.

| 03:17

|'''LaTeX''' complains that '''alpha''' a is an undefined control sequence.

|It says that it does not understand this command let me close this.

|'''LaTeX''' handles this through a '''space''' after every command.  

|Let us leave a '''space''' after '''alpha'''.

|Let us abort the compilation let us recompile this has solved the problem.

|As it is used to terminate a command, the '''space''' does not appear in '''pdf'''.

| 03:57

| What do we do if we WANT to introduce '''spaces''' in the output?

|We have to explicitly tell '''LaTeX''', as we do now.

|Let us ask '''LaTeX''' to start a new line.

| 04:17

| 04:23

|If you want more '''space''', use '''quad''', as we do now  

|You can see that '''quad''' has left a large '''space'''.

| 04:40

| We will now move to another topic.

| Let us delete the last two lines let’s compile.

|To understand this, let us write '''“Product of $\alpha and a is”''' Compile.

| You can see that the font of these two '''a''''s are different.

| 05:14

| This is solved by writing this ''''a'''' also inside '''dollar''' signs  

|Make Compile.

| 05:27

| Now the fonts of these of two '''a'''’s are identical.

| 05:37

| Let’s get rid of these.

| 05:43

| Let us now discuss a rule for creating '''minus''' signs.

|Suppose that we want to create '''minus alpha''' and compile

| 06:07

| Let us also copy, with the '''minus''' sign inside the '''dollar''' sign.

| 06:18

| See the difference in the '''minus''' sign now the second one is what we need the dash is not to be used.

|Not putting the '''minus''' sign within '''dollars''' is a common mistake made by beginners.

| 06:33

| Let us delete all of these.

| 06:36

| Next we would like to explain the ''''frac'''' command that is used to create fractions.

| 06:43

| \frac a b lets compile

| 06:50

|It generates ''''a by b'''' the command ''''frac'''' is terminated by a '''space''' it looks for two '''arguments'''.

|The first character ''''a'''' is taken as the first '''argument''' It becomes the numerator  

|The second character ''''b'''' is taken as the second '''argument''' it becomes the denominator.

 

 

|Notice that the size of '''a''' and '''b''' gets reduced automatically.

|07:19

| 07:24

| What if we want to create '''ab''' by '''cd''' i want you to try this.

| 07:31

| In '''LaTeX''', the '''arguments''' longer than one character are enclosed by braces.  

|07:36

|When we compile THIS, we get the desired output.

|As a result, one can enter any complicated expression within braces let us delete all of these.

| 08:01

| Now we will look at subscripts and superscripts.

| 08:05

|''''x' underscore 'a'''' creates ''''x sub a''''.

| 08:14

| The size of ''''a'''' gets automatically reduced to an appropriate level.

| 08:19

|What if we want to put '''ab''' as the subscript? you have to use braces try it yourself.

| 08:28

| Superscripts are created by the '''caret''' or the '''up arrow''' symbol.  

| 08:33

|For example, if you want to create ''''x'''' to the power 3, you will write: '''x up arrow 3'''.

| 08:43

| We can also put subscripts and superscripts simultaneously.

| 08:48

|Let us put '''x sub a superscript b''' let’s compile.

| 08:58

|Once again, using braces, we can produce complicated subscripts and superscripts let me delete this.

| 09:08

| Alright, next we will move onto '''Matrices'''.

| 09:12

|The package '''a m s math''' has some '''matrix''' definitions that I like let us include it through the '''usepackage''' command.

| 09:26

| The '''ampersand''', that is the ''''and'''' symbol, is used to separate the columns leet us create a matrix now.

| 09:34

|We write '''begin matrix''' '''a''' and '''b''', '''end matrix''' don’t forget the '''dollar''' signs.

| 09:44

| Compile and see the matrix, as expected.  

| 09:49

|Now suppose, we want to add a second row to this we put two '''back slash'''es, meaning, go to the next line.

| 09:59

|Suppose that we want three entries in the second row, say, '''c, d, e''' compile it and see the second row also included now.

| 10:11

|Supposing we change matrix to '''pmatrix''', at begin and end.

| 10:17

| 10:21

|It is now time for YOU to start exploring  let us go to the slides now.

| 10:28

| Let us summarise what we learnt in this tutorial entering and leaving the mathematical mode using spaces and creating them

| 10:37

|Fractions, subscripts and superscripts defining an argument with in braces '''amsmath''' package to create matrices

| 10:48

| Let me give some assignments.

| 10:51

| This assignment is on '''spaces''' - large and small please pause the video, read the slide and do the assignment.

| 11:01

| This assignment is on fractions using braces this assignment is on subscripts and superscripts.

| 11:11

| Through this assignment, we shall learn a few more methods to create matrices.

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| This assignment is on creating more mathematical symbols this is based on the '''TUG India LaTeX''' guide.

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|Let us see that document now.

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| 11:39

| You will try out more symbols through in the next assignment.

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| This assignment is also based on the '''TUG India''' document.

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| You will experiment with the paragraph indent in this assignment.

| 11:53

| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

| 11:56

| This video summarises the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project.

| 12:00

| 12:05

| We conduct workshops using '''Spoken Tutorials.''' Give certificates please contact us.

| 12:11

| Do you have questions in THIS '''Spoken Tutorial?''' please visit this site choose the minute and second where you have the question.

| 12:20

|Explain your question briefly someone from our team will answer them.

| 12:27

| The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial please do not post unrelated and general questions.

| 12:36

|This will help reduce the clutter with less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.

| 12:43

| For topics not covered in spoken tutorials, visit '''stack exchange''' at this address this is a great place to get answers on '''LaTeX'''.

| 12:53

|You may also have questions on our workshops, certificates, etc for this, get in touch with us at this email address.

| 13:03

| '''Spoken Tutorial''' project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

| 13:09

| Thanks for joining Goodbye.