Difference between revisions of "Java"

From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
Jump to: navigation, search
(Basic Level)
(Intermediate Level)
 
(24 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:
 
This set of tutorials will cover features and usage of Java version 1.6.x  Please see the associated text box of individual spoken tutorials on the website to decide the versions of Java and OS to which it is applicable.  
 
This set of tutorials will cover features and usage of Java version 1.6.x  Please see the associated text box of individual spoken tutorials on the website to decide the versions of Java and OS to which it is applicable.  
  
The Spoken Tutorial Effort for Java is contributed jointly by '''TalentSprint, Hyderabad''' and the '''Spoken Tutorial Team, IIT Bombay'''. Other contributors who helped in the creation of the scripts are ............  
+
The Spoken Tutorial Effort for Java is contributed jointly by '''TalentSprint, Hyderabad''' and the '''Spoken Tutorial Team, IIT Bombay'''. Other contributors who helped in the creation of the scripts are Prathamesh Salunke, Arya Ratish, Ashwini Patil.
 +
 
 +
'''Learners''':  UG/PG CSE/IT/CS students.
  
 
<blockquote style="background-color: lemonchiffon; border: solid thin grey;">
 
<blockquote style="background-color: lemonchiffon; border: solid thin grey;">
[[Media:JavaTemplate.zip | Java Slide Template]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
 
 
[[Glossary_for_Java | Glossary]]
 
[[Glossary_for_Java | Glossary]]
 
</blockquote>
 
</blockquote>
Line 16: Line 17:
 
== Basic Level==
 
== Basic Level==
  
#Introduction to Java
+
:'''Introduction to Java'''
#*Getting started with Java – installation  
+
#Getting started with Java – installation  
#** Install jdk from Synaptic Package Manager
+
#* Install jdk from Synaptic Package Manager
#** Choose openjdk-6-jdk from the list of packages available  
+
#* Choose openjdk-6-jdk from the list of packages available  
#**Mark it for installation
+
#*Mark it for installation
#**The installation will take a few seconds
+
#*The installation will take a few seconds
#**Verify the installation
+
#*Verify the installation
#**At the command prompt type java -version, so the version number of the jdk will be displayed
+
#*At the command prompt type java -version, so the version number of the jdk will be displayed
#**Run a simple java program and see if it works
+
#*Run a simple java program and see if it works
#**Type javac TestProgram.java for compiling the code and java TestProgram for executing the code
+
#*Type javac TestProgram.java for compiling the code and java TestProgram for executing the code
#*Java - First program
+
#Java - First program
* write simple java program  
+
#*write simple java program  
* print “My First Java Program!” on Console
+
#*print “My First Java Program!” on Console
* save the file
+
#*save the file
* file name given to the java file
+
#*file name given to the java file
* compile the file
+
#*compile the file
* run the file
+
#*run the file
* correct the errors
+
#*correct the errors
* naming conventions for class
+
#*naming conventions for class
* naming conventions for method
+
#*naming conventions for method
* naming conventions for variable
+
#*naming conventions for variable
 
+
#:<br>
#Eclipse
+
#:'''Eclipse'''
 
+
#Installing Eclipse  
#*Installing Eclipse  
+
#*Install Eclipse on Ubuntu on the Terminal
 
+
#*Set up the proxy on the Terminal  
* Install Eclipse on Ubuntu on the Terminal
+
#*Then fetch the list of all the available softwares
* Set up the proxy on the Terminal  
+
#*Type sudo apt-get update
* Then fetch the list of all the available softwares
+
#*Then install eclipse on the Terminal
* Type sudo apt-get update
+
#*Type sudo apt-get install eclipse
* Then install eclipse on the Terminal
+
#*Verify if Eclipse is installed on the system
* Type sudo apt-get install eclipse
+
#*Installing Eclipse on Debian,Kubuntu,Xubuntu
* Verify if Eclipse is installed on the system
+
#*Installing Eclipse on Redhat  
* Installing Eclipse on Debian,Kubuntu,Xubuntu
+
#*Installing Eclipse on Fedora,centos and suse linux
* Installing Eclipse on Redhat  
+
#Getting started with Eclipse
* Installing Eclipse on Fedora,centos and suse linux
+
#*Eclipse is an Integrated Development Environment
 
+
#*It is a tool on which one can write, debug and run java programs easily
#* Getting started with Eclipse
+
#*Open Dash Home and type Eclipse in the search box.
 
+
#*We get Workspace Launcher
* Eclipse is an Integrated Development Environment
+
#*On clicking on Workbench we get the Eclipse IDE
* It is a tool on which one can write, debug and run java programs easily
+
#*Go to File->New->Project and select Java Project
* Open Dash Home and type Eclipse in the search box.
+
#*Create a project named EclipseDemo and create a class inside DemoClass
* We get Workspace Launcher
+
#*Learn about Package Explorer and Editor portlet
* On clicking on Workbench we get the Eclipse IDE
+
#Hello World Program
* Go to File->New->Project and select Java Project
+
#*Open Eclipse
* Create a project named EclipseDemo and create a class inside DemoClass
+
#*Create a Java Project named DemoProject
* Learn about Package Explorer and Editor portlet
+
#*Create a class named DemoClass
* Add the println statement in<br/>
+
#*Class name and file name will be the same
 
+
#*Eclipse suggests various possibilities as we type a command
#* Hello World Program
+
#*Eclipse also completes the parentheses by automatically adding the closing parentheses
 
+
#*Include the statement that we want to print
* Open Eclipse
+
#*Eclipse also completes the quotes by adding the closing quote
* Create a Java Project named DemoProject
+
#*Compile and execute the program
* Create a class named DemoClass
+
#*Change the code to print<br/>  
* Class name and file name will be the same
+
#Errors and Debugging
* Eclipse suggests various possibilities as we type a command
+
#*When writing a Java Program, here is a list of typical errors:
* Eclipse also completes the parentheses by automatically adding the closing parentheses
+
#*Missing semicolon(;)
* Include the statement that we want to print
+
#*Missing double quotes(".")
* Eclipse also completes the quotes by adding the closing quote
+
#*Mis-match of filename and classname
* Compile and execute the program
+
#*Typing the print statement n lower case
* Change the code to print<br/>  
+
#*The line which has the error will be indicated with a red cross mark on the left margin
 
+
#*The list of errors is displayed by hovering the mouse over the cross mark
 
+
#*Create a class ErrorFree with Errors, debug the code and run it
#* Errors and Debugging
+
#*Eclipse also offers intelligent fixes<br/>  
 
+
#Programming features of Eclipse
* When writing a Java Program, here is a list of typical errors:
+
#*Auto completion
* Missing semicolon(;)
+
#*Sets the corresponding closing brace when we open the brace
* Missing double quotes(".")
+
#*Provides a drop-down list of methods when you start typing the code.
* Mis-match of filename and classname
+
#*Syntax highlighting
* Typing the print statement n lower case
+
#*Classname is highlighted in pink color and method in blue color.
* The line which has the error will be indicated with a red cross mark on the left margin
+
#*Keyboard shortcuts
* The list of errors is displayed by hovering the mouse over the cross mark
+
#*F11 to debug a program and Ctrl plus H to search a specific file.
* Create a class ErrorFree with Errors, debug the code and run it
+
#*Error highlighting
* Eclipse also offers intelligent fixes<br/>  
+
#*Cross symbol in the program denotes errors
 
+
#*Remove semicolon and error details are displayed when mouse is hovered over cross symbol.
 
+
#:<br>
#* Programming features of Eclipse
+
#:'''Fundamental Programming Structures in Java'''
 
+
#Numerical datatypes
* Auto completion
+
#*Define datatypes and numerical datatypes
* Sets the corresponding closing brace when we open the brace
+
#*int
* Provides a drop-down list of methods when you start typing the code.
+
#*float
* syntax highlighting
+
#*byte
* classname is highlighted in pink color and method in blue color.
+
#*short
* keyboard shortcuts
+
#*long
* F11 to debug a program and Ctrl plus H to search a specific file.
+
#*double
* error highlighting
+
#*range of each numerical datatypes
* cross symbol in the program denotes errors
+
#*declaration and initializationof numerical datatypes.
* Remove semicolon and error details are displayed when mouse is hovered over cross symbol.
+
#*valid and invalid declaration
 
+
#Arithmetic Operations
#Fundamental Programming Structures in Java
+
#*Define an operator
 
+
#*Define arithmetic operators
#* Numerical datatypes
+
#*addition
 
+
#*subtraction
* define datatypes and numerical datatypes
+
#*multiplication
* int
+
#*division
* float
+
#*modulo
* byte
+
#*simple program to demonstrate arithmetic operators
* short
+
#*appropriate datatypes for appropriate values
* long
+
#*save, compile and run the program<br/>  
* double
+
#Strings
* range of each numerical datatypes
+
#*char datatype
* declaration and initializationof numerical datatypes.
+
#*letter, digit, punctuation marks, '''tab''', or a space are all characters.
* valid and invalid declaration
+
#*Program explaining the variable and the character data.
 
+
#*Introduction to strings
#* Arithmetic Operations
+
#*Creating string by Direct Initialization
 
+
#*Creating string by using new operator
* define an operator
+
#*String length()
* define arithmetic operators
+
#*String concat()
* addition
+
#*String toUpperCase()
* subtraction
+
#*String toLowerCase()<br/>  
* multiplication
+
#Primitive type conversions
* division
+
#*define type conversion or type casting
* modulo
+
#*higher order integer to lower order integer- Explicit type casting
* simple program to demonstrate arithmetic operators
+
#*program to show explicit type casting
* appropriate datatypes for appropriate values
+
#*common mistake in explicit type casting.
* save, compile and run the program<br/>  
+
#*program to show common mistake in explicit type casting
 
+
#*lower order integer to higher order integer – Implicit type casting
#* Strings
+
#*program to show implicit type casting
 
+
#*char to integer
* char datatype
+
#*integer to char
* letter, digit, punctuation marks, '''tab''', or a space are all characters.
+
#*program to show char to int type casting.
* Program explaining the variable and the character data.
+
#:<br>
* Introduction to strings
+
#:'''Control flow'''
* Creating string by Direct Initialization
+
#Relational Operations
* Creating string by using new operator
+
#*boolean datatype
* String length()
+
#*equal to and not equal to
* String concat()
+
#*less than and less than or equal to
* String toUpperCase()
+
#*greater than and greater than or equal to<br/>  
* String toLowerCase()<br/>  
+
#Logical Operations
 
+
#*use of logical operators
#* Primitive type conversions
+
#*and (&&) operator
 
+
#*example to explain '''and''' operator
* define type conversion or type casting
+
#*program to demonstrate '''and''' operator
* higher order integer to lower order integer- Explicit type casting
+
#*or (||) operator
* program to show explicit type casting
+
#*example to explain '''or '''operator
* common mistake in explicit type casting.
+
#*program to demonstrate '''or '''operator
* program to show common mistake in explicit type casting
+
#*not (!) operator
* lower order integer to higher order integer – Implicit type casting
+
#*program to demonstrate '''or '''operator
* program to show implicit type casting
+
#*save, compile and run the programs<br/>  
* char to integer
+
#if else construct
* integer to char
+
#*Conditional Statements and types of Conditional Statements
* program to show char to int type casting.
+
#*Use of if statement
 
+
#*Syntax for if statement
# Control flow
+
#*Program using if statement
+
#*Use of if else statement
#* Relational Operations
+
#*Syntax for if else statement
 
+
#*Program using if else statement
* boolean datatype
+
#*Use of if else if statement
* equal to and not equal to
+
#*Syntax for if else if statement
* less than and less than or equal to
+
#*Program using if else if statement<br/>  
* greater than and greater than or equal to<br/>  
+
#nested if and ternary operator
 
+
#*explain nested if
#* Logical Operations
+
#*nested if syntax
 
+
#*program to demonstrate nested if
* use of logical operators
+
#*explain the control flow of the program
* and (&&) operator
+
#*explain ternary operator
* example to explain '''and''' operator
+
#*syntax for ternary operator
* program to demonstrate '''and''' operator
+
#*explain the syntax
* or (||) operator
+
#*program to demonstrate ternary operator
* example to explain '''or '''operator
+
#*comparison between ternary operator and nested if
* program to demonstrate '''or '''operator
+
#*save, compile and run the program<br/>  
* not (!) operator
+
#switch statement
* program to demonstrate '''or '''operator
+
#*define switch case statement
* save, compile and run the programs<br/>  
+
#*compare switch and nested if
 
+
#*switch case syntax
#*if else construct
+
#*working of a switch case statement
 
+
#*use of keyword switch
* Conditional Statements and types of Conditional Statements
+
#*valid and invalid use of keyword '''case'''
* Use of if statement
+
#*use of keyword default
* Syntax for if statement
+
#*use of keyword break
* Program using if statement
+
#*program to demonstrate switch case statement
* Use of if else statement
+
#*save, compile and run the program to check the output
* Syntax for if else statement
+
#while loop
* Program using if else statement
+
#*Loop control statement  
* Use of if else if statement
+
#*types of loop control statements
* Syntax for if else if statement
+
#*Introduction to while loop
* Program using if else if statement<br/>  
+
#*syntax of while loop
 
+
#*Program using while loop
#* nested if and ternary operator
+
#*Check the output.
 
+
#*Introduction to infinite loop
* explain nested if
+
#*loop variable modification
* nested if syntax
+
#*Check the output
* program to demonstrate nested if
+
#*How to terminate the infinite loop<br/>  
* explain the control flow of the program
+
#for loop
* explain ternary operator
+
#*syntax
* syntax for ternary operator
+
#*introduction to for loop
* explain the syntax
+
#*for loop syntax
* program to demonstrate ternary operator
+
#*loop vaiable
* comparison between ternary operator and nested if
+
#*loop condition
* save, compile and run the program<br/>  
+
#*loop variable increment or decrement
 
+
#* loop block
#* switch statement
+
#*flow of loop
 
+
#*advantage of using loop
* define switch case statement
+
#do while loop
* compare switch and nested if
+
#*define do while  
* switch case syntax
+
#*do while syntax
* working of a switch case statement
+
#*working of do while loop
* use of keyword switch
+
#*example of do while loop
* valid and invalid use of keyword '''case'''
+
#*explain the do while programming
* use of keyword default
+
#*save, compile and run the program to check the output  
* use of keyword break
+
#*how different is it from the while loop
* program to demonstrate switch case statement
+
#*program to demonstrate the differences
* save, compile and run the program to check the output
+
#:<br>
 
+
#:'''Arrays'''
#* while loop
+
#Introduction to Arrays
 
+
#*About Arrays
* Loop control statement  
+
#*Declare an Array
* types of loop control statements
+
#*Initialize an array
* Introduction to while loop
+
#*Intilalization using for loop
* syntax of while loop
+
#*Index of an array elements
* Program using while loop
+
#*change values of an array
* Check the output.
+
#*print the value of an array
* Introduction to infinite loop
+
#*Advantage of an array.
* loop variable modification
+
#Array operations
* Check the output
+
#*import java.util.Arrays
* How to terminate the infinite loop<br/>  
+
#*use methods from class Arrays
 
+
#*toString() method
 
+
#*sort() method
#* for loop
+
#*fill() method
 
+
#*copyof() method
* syntax
+
#*copyofRange() method
* loop continuing condition
+
#*about parameters for each method.
* loop variable modification<br/>
+
#:'''Classes & Objects''' 
 
+
#Creating class  
#* do while loop
+
#*Whatever we can see in this world are all objects
 
+
#*Objects can be categorized into groups known as class
* define do while  
+
#*This is class in real world
* do while syntax
+
#*Human Being is an example of class in real world
* working of do while loop
+
#*Class in java is the blue print from which individual objects are created
* example of do while loop
+
#*Class consists defines a set of properties called variables and a set of behaviors called methods
* explain the do while programming
+
#*Syntax for creating class
* save, compile and run the program to check the output  
+
#*Create a simple class Student using Eclipse
* how different is it from the while loop
+
#*The Student class can contain properties<br/>  
* program to demonstrate the differences
+
#Creating Object
 
+
#*An object is an instance of a class
# Arrays  
+
#*Each object consist of state and behavior
 
+
#*Object stores it state in fields or variables
#* Introduction to Arrays
+
#*It exposes its behavior through methods
 
+
#*Reference variables
* What are arrays
+
#*Create a class named TestStudent
* Types of arrays
+
#*Create an object of the Student class
* How to create arrays
+
#*Use new operator
 
+
#*Check what the reference variable contains
#*Array operations
+
#*Create one more object of the Student class and check what the reference variable contains
 
+
#Instance fields
* Accessing array items
+
#*Also known as non-static fields
* Checking for bounds
+
#*Open the TestStudent class which we have created
 
+
#*Access the fields roll_number and name using dot operator
#Classes & Objects  
+
#*See the output
 
+
#*Initialize the field and see the output
#* Creating class  
+
#*Change the modifier of the fields to private
 
+
#*Debug the error that you get
* Whatever we can see in this world are all objects
+
#*Change the modifier to protected
* Objects can be categorized into groups known as class
+
#*Each object of a class will have unique values
* This is class in real world
+
#*Create two objects of the Student class  
* Human Being is an example of class in real world
+
#Methods
* Class in java is the blue print from which individual objects are created
+
#*method definition  
* Class consists defines a set of properties called variables and a set of behaviors called methods
+
#*write simple method
* Syntax for creating class
+
#*method returning value
* Create a simple class Student using Eclipse
+
#*call a method in another method
* The Student class can contain properties<br/>  
+
#*flow of the program
 
+
#*call a static method
#*Creating Object
+
#*call a method from another class
 
+
#*method signature
* An object is an instance of a class
+
#*method body  
* Each object consist of state and behavior
+
#:<br>
* Object stores it state in fields or variables
+
#:'''Constructors'''
* It exposes its behavior through methods
+
#Default constructor
* Reference variables
+
#*what is a constructor?
* Create a class named TestStudent
+
#*what is a default constructor?
* Create an object of the Student class
+
#*when is it called?
* Use new operator
+
#*define a constructor
* Check what the reference variable contains
+
#*initialize the variables
* Create one more object of the Student class and check what the reference variable contains
+
#*call the constructor
 
+
#*difference between constructor and method<br/>  
#* Instance fields
+
#Parameterized constructors
 
+
#*What is a parameterized constructor?
* Also known as non-static fields
+
#*create constructor without parameter
* Open the TestStudent class which we have created
+
#*create a constructor with parameter
* Access the fields roll_number and name using dot operator
+
#*assign values to the variables in the constructor
* See the output
+
#*pass arguments during the constructor call
* Initialize the field and see the output
+
#*working of parameterized constructor
* Change the modifier of the fields to private
+
#*show common errors
* Debug the error that you get
+
#*resolve the errors
* Change the modifier to protected
+
#*create another parameterized constructor
* Each object of a class will have unique values
+
#*why to use constructor?
* Create two objects of the Student class  
+
#Using this keyword
 
+
#*this is a reference to the current object
#* Methods
+
#*helps to avoid name conflicts
 
+
#*we can use this keyword inside a constructor to call another one
* method definition  
+
#*the constructors must be in the same class
* write simple method
+
#*explicit constructor invocation
* method returning value
+
#*Explain it using the parameterized constructor code
* call a method in another method
+
#*Make this statement the last one in the constructor
* flow of the program
+
#*You will get an error
* call a static method
+
#*this statement should be the first one inside a constructor
* call a method from another class
+
#Non-static block
* method signature
+
#*Non-static block  
* method body  
+
#*Any code written between two curly brackets  
 
+
#*Executed for each object that is created  
# Constructors
+
#*Executes before constructor's execution  
 
+
#*can initialize instance member variables of the class  
#*Default constructor
+
#*create a class named NonStaticTest  
 
+
#*Create a non-static block and a constructor inside it  
* what is a constructor?
+
#*Check the output  
* what is a default constructor?
+
#*Include multiple non-static blocks  
* when is it called?
+
#*they will be executed in the sequence in which they appear in the class  
* define a constructor
+
#*Check the output  
* initialize the variables
+
#*Non-static block is not a substitute for constructor
* call the constructor
+
#Constructor Overloading
* difference between constructor and method<br/>  
+
#*define multiple constructor
 
+
#*what is constructor overloading?
#*Parameterized constructors
+
#*constructor with different number of parameters.
 
+
#*parameters with different datatypes.
* What is a parameterized constructor?
+
#*how is constructor overloaded?
* create constructor without parameter
+
#*flow of overloading process.
* create a constructor with parameter
+
#*advantage of constructor overloading.
* assign values to the variables in the constructor
+
#Method Overloading
* pass arguments during the constructor call
+
#*define multiple methods.
* working of parameterized constructor
+
#*methods with same name.
* show common errors
+
#*methods with different number of parameters.
* resolve the errors
+
#*methods with different datatypes of parameter.
* create another parameterized constructor
+
#*what is method overloading?
* why to use constructor?
+
#*example for overloadin method
 
+
#*how to overload method?
#*Using this keyword
+
#*advantage of method overloading.
 
+
#*error in method overloading.
* this is a reference to the current object
+
#Taking user input in Java
* helps to avoid name conflicts
+
#*What is BufferedReader?
* we can use this keyword inside a constructor to call another one
+
#*Importing three classes from Java.io package
* the constructors must be in the same class
+
#*How to take the input from the user?
* explicit constructor invocation
+
#*Syntax to implement BufferedReader
* Explain it using the parameterized constructor code
+
#*What is InputStreamReader?
* Make this statement the last one in the constructor
+
#*Create object of InputStreamReader
* You will get an error
+
#*Create object of BufferedReader
* this statement should be the first one inside a constructor
+
#*About IOException
 
+
#*About throws keyword
#*Non-static block
+
#*Typecasting
 
+
* Non-static block  
+
* Any code written between two curly brackets  
+
* Executed for each object that is created  
+
* Executes before constructor's execution  
+
* can initialize instance member variables of the class  
+
* create a class named NonStaticTest  
+
* Create a non-static block and a constructor inside it  
+
* Check the output  
+
* Include multiple non-static blocks  
+
* they will be executed in the sequence in which they appear in the class  
+
* Check the output  
+
* Non-static block is not a substitute for constructor
+
 
+
#*Constructor Overloading
+
 
+
* define multiple constructor
+
* what is constructor overloading?
+
* constructor with different number of parameters.
+
* parameters with different datatypes.
+
* how is constructor overloaded?
+
* flow of overloading process.
+
* advantage of constructor overloading.
+
 
+
#*Method Overloading
+
 
+
* define multiple methods.
+
* methods with same name.
+
* methods with different number of parameters.
+
* methods with different datatypes of parameter.
+
* what is method overloading?
+
* example for overloadin method
+
* how to overload method?
+
* advantage of method overloading.
+
* error in method overloading.
+
  
 
== Intermediate Level ==
 
== Intermediate Level ==
 
+
#Subclassing and Method Overriding
== Advanced Level ==
+
#*Definition of subclassing
 +
#*Demo of subclassing using an Employee and Manager class
 +
#*Single inheritance
 +
#*Use of extends keyword
 +
#*Private members in a super class
 +
#*Definition of method overriding
 +
#*Annotation
 +
#*@Override Annotation
 +
#Calling methods of the superclass
 +
#*super keyword
 +
#*Call methods of the super class
 +
#*Constructor of the super class
 +
#*Demo of super keyword using an Employee and Manager class
 +
#*Single inheritance
 +
#*Use of extends keyword
 +
#*Private members in a super class
 +
#Using final keyboard
 +
#*final keyword
 +
#*What is final keyword and its application?
 +
#*Where final keyword can be declared?
 +
#*final variable
 +
#*final static variables
 +
#*static block
 +
#*final variable as parameter
 +
#*final method
 +
#*private final method
 +
#*final class
 +
#Polymorphism
 +
#*Polymorphism in Java
 +
#*Run-time polymorphism
 +
#*Virtual Method Invocation
 +
#*Compile-time polymorphism
 +
#*Role of JVM
 +
#*IS-A test
 +
#*Static binding
 +
#*Dynamic binding
 +
#Abstract Classes
 +
#*Abstract Classes in Java
 +
#*What  are Abstract Methods
 +
#*What are Concrete Methods
 +
#*Properties of Abstract Methods and Abstract Classes
 +
#*How to use Abstract Methods
 +
#Java Interfaces
 +
#*Java Interfaces
 +
#*Implementing Interface
 +
#*Implementation Classes
 +
#*Interfaces Vs Abstract classes
 +
#*Implementing Multiple Interfaces
 +
#*Usage of Interfaces with an example
 +
#Static Variables
 +
#*What is Static Variable in Java?
 +
#*Usage of Static Variables with Example
 +
#*Static Variables Vs Instance Variables
 +
#*Final Static Constants
 +
#Static Methods
 +
#*What is static method in Java?
 +
#*Static methods Vs Instance methods
 +
#*Usage of static method with example
 +
#*Passing object variables in a static method
 +
#Static Blocks
 +
#*What is a static block
 +
#*Declaring and defining a static block
 +
#*How static blocks are invoked and executed
 +
#Exception Handling
 +
#*What is an Exception
 +
#*Types of Exceptions
 +
##Checked Exceptions
 +
##Unchecked Exceptions
 +
#*Explaining ''ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException''
 +
#*Demonstrating Checked Exceptions with example
 +
#*Handling Exceptions using try-catch blocks
 +
#*Explaining ''ArithmeticException''
 +
#*Demonstrating Unchecked Exceptions with example
 +
#*Explaining ''FileNotFoundException''
 +
#*Usage of finally block
 +
#*Explaining ''NullPointerException''
 +
#Custom Exceptions
 +
#*What is a Custom Exception
 +
#*Demonstration of custom exception
 +
#*Custom exception example - "InvalidMarkException"
 +
#*Usage of "throw" keyword
 +
#*How to resolve errors in custom exceptions
 +
#*Resolve error using "Add throws declaration" option
 +
#*Usage of "throws" keyword
 +
#*Example for "FileNotFoundException"
 +
#*How to handle multiple exceptions
 +
#*How to use "surround with try/catch" option

Latest revision as of 15:33, 9 October 2020

Introduction

Welcome to online web tutorials for java
Java[ http://java.sun.com ]is a free and open source high level programming language. It is simple as well as object oriented language. Till date, the Java platform has attracted more than 6.5 million software developers. Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) lets you develop and deploy Java applications on desktops and servers, as well as today's demanding Embedded and Real-Time environments.From laptops to mobile phones, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, music players to the Internet,Set-top boxes to printers, Web cams to medical devices,Ooops that is a huge list to follow,Java is everywhere!!!!!

This set of tutorials will cover features and usage of Java version 1.6.x Please see the associated text box of individual spoken tutorials on the website to decide the versions of Java and OS to which it is applicable.

The Spoken Tutorial Effort for Java is contributed jointly by TalentSprint, Hyderabad and the Spoken Tutorial Team, IIT Bombay. Other contributors who helped in the creation of the scripts are Prathamesh Salunke, Arya Ratish, Ashwini Patil.

Learners: UG/PG CSE/IT/CS students.

Glossary

Basic Level

Introduction to Java
  1. Getting started with Java – installation
    • Install jdk from Synaptic Package Manager
    • Choose openjdk-6-jdk from the list of packages available
    • Mark it for installation
    • The installation will take a few seconds
    • Verify the installation
    • At the command prompt type java -version, so the version number of the jdk will be displayed
    • Run a simple java program and see if it works
    • Type javac TestProgram.java for compiling the code and java TestProgram for executing the code
  2. Java - First program
    • write simple java program
    • print “My First Java Program!” on Console
    • save the file
    • file name given to the java file
    • compile the file
    • run the file
    • correct the errors
    • naming conventions for class
    • naming conventions for method
    • naming conventions for variable

    Eclipse
  3. Installing Eclipse
    • Install Eclipse on Ubuntu on the Terminal
    • Set up the proxy on the Terminal
    • Then fetch the list of all the available softwares
    • Type sudo apt-get update
    • Then install eclipse on the Terminal
    • Type sudo apt-get install eclipse
    • Verify if Eclipse is installed on the system
    • Installing Eclipse on Debian,Kubuntu,Xubuntu
    • Installing Eclipse on Redhat
    • Installing Eclipse on Fedora,centos and suse linux
  4. Getting started with Eclipse
    • Eclipse is an Integrated Development Environment
    • It is a tool on which one can write, debug and run java programs easily
    • Open Dash Home and type Eclipse in the search box.
    • We get Workspace Launcher
    • On clicking on Workbench we get the Eclipse IDE
    • Go to File->New->Project and select Java Project
    • Create a project named EclipseDemo and create a class inside DemoClass
    • Learn about Package Explorer and Editor portlet
  5. Hello World Program
    • Open Eclipse
    • Create a Java Project named DemoProject
    • Create a class named DemoClass
    • Class name and file name will be the same
    • Eclipse suggests various possibilities as we type a command
    • Eclipse also completes the parentheses by automatically adding the closing parentheses
    • Include the statement that we want to print
    • Eclipse also completes the quotes by adding the closing quote
    • Compile and execute the program
    • Change the code to print
  6. Errors and Debugging
    • When writing a Java Program, here is a list of typical errors:
    • Missing semicolon(;)
    • Missing double quotes(".")
    • Mis-match of filename and classname
    • Typing the print statement n lower case
    • The line which has the error will be indicated with a red cross mark on the left margin
    • The list of errors is displayed by hovering the mouse over the cross mark
    • Create a class ErrorFree with Errors, debug the code and run it
    • Eclipse also offers intelligent fixes
  7. Programming features of Eclipse
    • Auto completion
    • Sets the corresponding closing brace when we open the brace
    • Provides a drop-down list of methods when you start typing the code.
    • Syntax highlighting
    • Classname is highlighted in pink color and method in blue color.
    • Keyboard shortcuts
    • F11 to debug a program and Ctrl plus H to search a specific file.
    • Error highlighting
    • Cross symbol in the program denotes errors
    • Remove semicolon and error details are displayed when mouse is hovered over cross symbol.

    Fundamental Programming Structures in Java
  8. Numerical datatypes
    • Define datatypes and numerical datatypes
    • int
    • float
    • byte
    • short
    • long
    • double
    • range of each numerical datatypes
    • declaration and initializationof numerical datatypes.
    • valid and invalid declaration
  9. Arithmetic Operations
    • Define an operator
    • Define arithmetic operators
    • addition
    • subtraction
    • multiplication
    • division
    • modulo
    • simple program to demonstrate arithmetic operators
    • appropriate datatypes for appropriate values
    • save, compile and run the program
  10. Strings
    • char datatype
    • letter, digit, punctuation marks, tab, or a space are all characters.
    • Program explaining the variable and the character data.
    • Introduction to strings
    • Creating string by Direct Initialization
    • Creating string by using new operator
    • String length()
    • String concat()
    • String toUpperCase()
    • String toLowerCase()
  11. Primitive type conversions
    • define type conversion or type casting
    • higher order integer to lower order integer- Explicit type casting
    • program to show explicit type casting
    • common mistake in explicit type casting.
    • program to show common mistake in explicit type casting
    • lower order integer to higher order integer – Implicit type casting
    • program to show implicit type casting
    • char to integer
    • integer to char
    • program to show char to int type casting.

    Control flow
  12. Relational Operations
    • boolean datatype
    • equal to and not equal to
    • less than and less than or equal to
    • greater than and greater than or equal to
  13. Logical Operations
    • use of logical operators
    • and (&&) operator
    • example to explain and operator
    • program to demonstrate and operator
    • or (||) operator
    • example to explain or operator
    • program to demonstrate or operator
    • not (!) operator
    • program to demonstrate or operator
    • save, compile and run the programs
  14. if else construct
    • Conditional Statements and types of Conditional Statements
    • Use of if statement
    • Syntax for if statement
    • Program using if statement
    • Use of if else statement
    • Syntax for if else statement
    • Program using if else statement
    • Use of if else if statement
    • Syntax for if else if statement
    • Program using if else if statement
  15. nested if and ternary operator
    • explain nested if
    • nested if syntax
    • program to demonstrate nested if
    • explain the control flow of the program
    • explain ternary operator
    • syntax for ternary operator
    • explain the syntax
    • program to demonstrate ternary operator
    • comparison between ternary operator and nested if
    • save, compile and run the program
  16. switch statement
    • define switch case statement
    • compare switch and nested if
    • switch case syntax
    • working of a switch case statement
    • use of keyword switch
    • valid and invalid use of keyword case
    • use of keyword default
    • use of keyword break
    • program to demonstrate switch case statement
    • save, compile and run the program to check the output
  17. while loop
    • Loop control statement
    • types of loop control statements
    • Introduction to while loop
    • syntax of while loop
    • Program using while loop
    • Check the output.
    • Introduction to infinite loop
    • loop variable modification
    • Check the output
    • How to terminate the infinite loop
  18. for loop
    • syntax
    • introduction to for loop
    • for loop syntax
    • loop vaiable
    • loop condition
    • loop variable increment or decrement
    • loop block
    • flow of loop
    • advantage of using loop
  19. do while loop
    • define do while
    • do while syntax
    • working of do while loop
    • example of do while loop
    • explain the do while programming
    • save, compile and run the program to check the output
    • how different is it from the while loop
    • program to demonstrate the differences

    Arrays
  20. Introduction to Arrays
    • About Arrays
    • Declare an Array
    • Initialize an array
    • Intilalization using for loop
    • Index of an array elements
    • change values of an array
    • print the value of an array
    • Advantage of an array.
  21. Array operations
    • import java.util.Arrays
    • use methods from class Arrays
    • toString() method
    • sort() method
    • fill() method
    • copyof() method
    • copyofRange() method
    • about parameters for each method.
    Classes & Objects
  22. Creating class
    • Whatever we can see in this world are all objects
    • Objects can be categorized into groups known as class
    • This is class in real world
    • Human Being is an example of class in real world
    • Class in java is the blue print from which individual objects are created
    • Class consists defines a set of properties called variables and a set of behaviors called methods
    • Syntax for creating class
    • Create a simple class Student using Eclipse
    • The Student class can contain properties
  23. Creating Object
    • An object is an instance of a class
    • Each object consist of state and behavior
    • Object stores it state in fields or variables
    • It exposes its behavior through methods
    • Reference variables
    • Create a class named TestStudent
    • Create an object of the Student class
    • Use new operator
    • Check what the reference variable contains
    • Create one more object of the Student class and check what the reference variable contains
  24. Instance fields
    • Also known as non-static fields
    • Open the TestStudent class which we have created
    • Access the fields roll_number and name using dot operator
    • See the output
    • Initialize the field and see the output
    • Change the modifier of the fields to private
    • Debug the error that you get
    • Change the modifier to protected
    • Each object of a class will have unique values
    • Create two objects of the Student class
  25. Methods
    • method definition
    • write simple method
    • method returning value
    • call a method in another method
    • flow of the program
    • call a static method
    • call a method from another class
    • method signature
    • method body

    Constructors
  26. Default constructor
    • what is a constructor?
    • what is a default constructor?
    • when is it called?
    • define a constructor
    • initialize the variables
    • call the constructor
    • difference between constructor and method
  27. Parameterized constructors
    • What is a parameterized constructor?
    • create constructor without parameter
    • create a constructor with parameter
    • assign values to the variables in the constructor
    • pass arguments during the constructor call
    • working of parameterized constructor
    • show common errors
    • resolve the errors
    • create another parameterized constructor
    • why to use constructor?
  28. Using this keyword
    • this is a reference to the current object
    • helps to avoid name conflicts
    • we can use this keyword inside a constructor to call another one
    • the constructors must be in the same class
    • explicit constructor invocation
    • Explain it using the parameterized constructor code
    • Make this statement the last one in the constructor
    • You will get an error
    • this statement should be the first one inside a constructor
  29. Non-static block
    • Non-static block
    • Any code written between two curly brackets
    • Executed for each object that is created
    • Executes before constructor's execution
    • can initialize instance member variables of the class
    • create a class named NonStaticTest
    • Create a non-static block and a constructor inside it
    • Check the output
    • Include multiple non-static blocks
    • they will be executed in the sequence in which they appear in the class
    • Check the output
    • Non-static block is not a substitute for constructor
  30. Constructor Overloading
    • define multiple constructor
    • what is constructor overloading?
    • constructor with different number of parameters.
    • parameters with different datatypes.
    • how is constructor overloaded?
    • flow of overloading process.
    • advantage of constructor overloading.
  31. Method Overloading
    • define multiple methods.
    • methods with same name.
    • methods with different number of parameters.
    • methods with different datatypes of parameter.
    • what is method overloading?
    • example for overloadin method
    • how to overload method?
    • advantage of method overloading.
    • error in method overloading.
  32. Taking user input in Java
    • What is BufferedReader?
    • Importing three classes from Java.io package
    • How to take the input from the user?
    • Syntax to implement BufferedReader
    • What is InputStreamReader?
    • Create object of InputStreamReader
    • Create object of BufferedReader
    • About IOException
    • About throws keyword
    • Typecasting

Intermediate Level

  1. Subclassing and Method Overriding
    • Definition of subclassing
    • Demo of subclassing using an Employee and Manager class
    • Single inheritance
    • Use of extends keyword
    • Private members in a super class
    • Definition of method overriding
    • Annotation
    • @Override Annotation
  2. Calling methods of the superclass
    • super keyword
    • Call methods of the super class
    • Constructor of the super class
    • Demo of super keyword using an Employee and Manager class
    • Single inheritance
    • Use of extends keyword
    • Private members in a super class
  3. Using final keyboard
    • final keyword
    • What is final keyword and its application?
    • Where final keyword can be declared?
    • final variable
    • final static variables
    • static block
    • final variable as parameter
    • final method
    • private final method
    • final class
  4. Polymorphism
    • Polymorphism in Java
    • Run-time polymorphism
    • Virtual Method Invocation
    • Compile-time polymorphism
    • Role of JVM
    • IS-A test
    • Static binding
    • Dynamic binding
  5. Abstract Classes
    • Abstract Classes in Java
    • What are Abstract Methods
    • What are Concrete Methods
    • Properties of Abstract Methods and Abstract Classes
    • How to use Abstract Methods
  6. Java Interfaces
    • Java Interfaces
    • Implementing Interface
    • Implementation Classes
    • Interfaces Vs Abstract classes
    • Implementing Multiple Interfaces
    • Usage of Interfaces with an example
  7. Static Variables
    • What is Static Variable in Java?
    • Usage of Static Variables with Example
    • Static Variables Vs Instance Variables
    • Final Static Constants
  8. Static Methods
    • What is static method in Java?
    • Static methods Vs Instance methods
    • Usage of static method with example
    • Passing object variables in a static method
  9. Static Blocks
    • What is a static block
    • Declaring and defining a static block
    • How static blocks are invoked and executed
  10. Exception Handling
    • What is an Exception
    • Types of Exceptions
    1. Checked Exceptions
    2. Unchecked Exceptions
    • Explaining ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
    • Demonstrating Checked Exceptions with example
    • Handling Exceptions using try-catch blocks
    • Explaining ArithmeticException
    • Demonstrating Unchecked Exceptions with example
    • Explaining FileNotFoundException
    • Usage of finally block
    • Explaining NullPointerException
  11. Custom Exceptions
    • What is a Custom Exception
    • Demonstration of custom exception
    • Custom exception example - "InvalidMarkException"
    • Usage of "throw" keyword
    • How to resolve errors in custom exceptions
    • Resolve error using "Add throws declaration" option
    • Usage of "throws" keyword
    • Example for "FileNotFoundException"
    • How to handle multiple exceptions
    • How to use "surround with try/catch" option

Contributors and Content Editors

Arya Ratish, Minal, Nancyvarkey, PoojaMoolya, Pratham920, Pratik kamble, Priyacst