Difference between revisions of "C-and-C++/C3/Strings/English-timed"

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|00:29
 
|00:29
 
| '''gcc '''and '''g++ Compiler''' version 4.6.1 .
 
| '''gcc '''and '''g++ Compiler''' version 4.6.1 .
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|-
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|01:23
 
|01:23
 
|In this program, we will take a '''string''' as an input from the user and print it.  
 
|In this program, we will take a '''string''' as an input from the user and print it.  
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|-
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| 02:20
 
| 02:20
 
| Please open the terminal window by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt and T''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.  
 
| Please open the terminal window by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt and T''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.  
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|-
 
|-
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| 02:37
 
| 02:37
 
|And press '''Enter '''
 
|And press '''Enter '''
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|-
 
|-
 
| 02:40
 
| 02:40
 
| To execute, type '''./str '''
 
| To execute, type '''./str '''
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|-
 
|-
 
| 02:43
 
| 02:43
 
|now press '''Enter'''  
 
|now press '''Enter'''  
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|-
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| 03:03
 
| 03:03
 
|Now let us switch back to our slides  
 
|Now let us switch back to our slides  
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|-
 
|-
 
| 03:06
 
| 03:06
 
|Until now we discussed about the declaration of a '''string. '''
 
|Until now we discussed about the declaration of a '''string. '''
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|-
 
|-
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| 03:31
 
| 03:31
 
|'''char var_name[ ] = {'S', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'}'''  within single quotes  
 
|'''char var_name[ ] = {'S', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'}'''  within single quotes  
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|-
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| 04:03
 
|Now click on '''Save'''
 
|Now click on '''Save'''
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|-
 
|-
 
| 04:06
 
| 04:06
 
| We are going to initialize the '''string.'''  
 
| We are going to initialize the '''string.'''  
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|-
 
|-
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| 04:35
 
| 04:35
 
|'''gcc space stringinitialize.c space -o space str2 '''
 
|'''gcc space stringinitialize.c space -o space str2 '''
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|-
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| 05:16
 
| 05:16
 
|Now click on '''Save.'''
 
|Now click on '''Save.'''
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|-
 
|-
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| 05:23
 
| 05:23
 
|We see an fatal error.  
 
|We see an fatal error.  
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|-
 
|-
 
| 05:25
 
| 05:25
 
|'''sting.h: no such file or directory '''
 
|'''sting.h: no such file or directory '''
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|-
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| 05:32
 
| 05:32
 
|This is because the compiler is not able to find the header file with the name '''sting.h '''
 
|This is because the compiler is not able to find the header file with the name '''sting.h '''
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|-
 
| 05:39
 
| 05:39
 
|Hence it is giving an error.  
 
|Hence it is giving an error.  
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|-
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| 05:43
 
|Type '''r''' here.  
 
|Type '''r''' here.  
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|-
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| 05:47
 
|Come back to our '''terminal. '''
 
|Come back to our '''terminal. '''
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|-
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| 05:54
 
| 05:54
 
|Yes, it is working!  
 
|Yes, it is working!  
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|-
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| 05:59
 
|Come back to our program.  
 
|Come back to our program.  
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|-
 
| 06:02
 
| 06:02
 
|Suppose, here, I will type int in place of char.  
 
|Suppose, here, I will type int in place of char.  
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|-
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| 06:07
 
|Let us see what happens.  
 
|Let us see what happens.  
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|-
 
|-
 
| 06:09
 
| 06:09
 
|Come back to our terminal.  
 
|Come back to our terminal.  
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|-
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| 06:42
 
|And we are initializing it with an '''integer''' data type
 
|And we are initializing it with an '''integer''' data type
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|-
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| 06:49
 
|Type '''char''' here.  
 
|Type '''char''' here.  
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|-
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|Compile as before, execute as before.  
 
|Compile as before, execute as before.  
 
   
 
   
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|-
 
| 07:00
 
| 07:00
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| 07:08
 
| 07:08
 
|Come back to our program.  
 
|Come back to our program.  
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|-
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| 07:43
 
| 07:43
 
|Now click on '''Save.'''  
 
|Now click on '''Save.'''  
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|-
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|Now we will delete this declaration.  
 
|Now we will delete this declaration.  
 
   
 
   
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|-
 
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| 07:50
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| 07:59
 
|Click on '''Save.'''  
 
|Click on '''Save.'''  
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|-
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| 08:36
 
|Delete the '''format specifier''' and '''\n '''
 
|Delete the '''format specifier''' and '''\n '''
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|-
 
|-
 
| 08:40
 
| 08:40
 
|Now delete the '''comma'''  
 
|Now delete the '''comma'''  
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|-
 
|-
 
| 08:42
 
| 08:42
 
|Type two opening angle brackets, delete the bracket here.  
 
|Type two opening angle brackets, delete the bracket here.  
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|-
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| 09:18
 
|It stores them as a '''string'''.  
 
|It stores them as a '''string'''.  
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|-
 
|-
 
| 09:22
 
| 09:22
 
|Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal.  
 
|Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal.  
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|-
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| 09:32
 
|'''g++ space string.cpp space -o space str3 '''
 
|'''g++ space string.cpp space -o space str3 '''
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|-
 
|-
 
| 09:39
 
| 09:39
 
|and press '''Enter. '''
 
|and press '''Enter. '''
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|-
 
|-
 
| 09:41
 
| 09:41
 
|To execute, type '''./str3 '''
 
|To execute, type '''./str3 '''
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|-
 
|-
 
| 09:46
 
| 09:46
 
|Press '''Enter. '''
 
|Press '''Enter. '''
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|-
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| 09:50
 
|I will enter as '''Talk To A Teacher '''
 
|I will enter as '''Talk To A Teacher '''
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|-
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| 09:59
 
|''' "The string is Talk To A Teacher''  "'  
 
|''' "The string is Talk To A Teacher''  "'  
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|-
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| 10:07
 
| 10:07
 
|Now come back to our slides.  
 
|Now come back to our slides.  
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|-
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| 10:11
 
| 10:11
 
|In this tutorial we learnt  
 
|In this tutorial we learnt  
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|'''Strings '''
 
|'''Strings '''
 
   
 
   
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|-
 
| 10:14
 
| 10:14
 
|Declaration of a '''string '''
 
|Declaration of a '''string '''
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|-
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|10:20
 
|10:20
 
|Initialization of a '''string '''
 
|Initialization of a '''string '''
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|11:04
 
|11:04
 
|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
 
|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
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|-
 
|-

Revision as of 15:15, 23 June 2014

Time Narration
00:01 Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on Strings in C and C++
00:06 In this tutorial we will learn,
00:08 What is a string.
00:10 Declaration of a string.
00:13 Initialization of a string.
00:15 Few examples on string.
00:17 We will also see some common errors and their solutions.
00:22 To record this tutorial, I am using,
00:25 Ubuntu Operating System version 11.04
00:29 gcc and g++ Compiler version 4.6.1 .
00:35 Let us start with the introduction to strings.
00:38 String is a sequence of characters, that is treated as a single data item.
00:44 Size of string = length of string + 1


00:49 Let me tell you how to declare a string.
00:52 The syntax for this is
00:55 char, name of string and size


00:59 char is the data type, name of the string is the string name, and we can give the size here.
01:06 Eg: here we have declared a character string names with size 10
01:13 Now we will see an example.
01:15 I have already typed the program, I will open it.
01:19 Note that our file name is string.c
01:23 In this program, we will take a string as an input from the user and print it.
01:29 Let me explain the code now.


01:32 These are our header files.
01:34 Here string.h includes the declarations, functions, constants of string handling utilities.


01:43 Whenever we work on string functions, we should include this header file.
01:47 This is our main function.
01:49 Here we are declaring the string strname with size '30'.
01:55 Here we are accepting a string from the user.
01:58 To read a string, we can use scanf() function with format specifier %s
02:05 We are using the caret sign and \n to include the spaces with the string.
02:11 Then we print the string.
02:13 And this is our return statement.
02:16 Now click on Save
02:18 Let us execute the program.
02:20 Please open the terminal window by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
02:30 To compile, type gcc space string.c space -o space str
02:37 And press Enter
02:40 To execute, type ./str
02:43 now press Enter
02:46 Here it is displayed as Enter the string .
02:49 I will type Talk To A Teacher.
02:56 now press Enter.
02:58 The output is displayed as The string is Talk To A Teacher
03:03 Now let us switch back to our slides
03:06 Until now we discussed about the declaration of a string.
03:10 Now we are going to discuss how to initialize the string.
03:13 The syntax for this is
03:16 char var_name[size] = “string”;
03:20 Eg: Here we have declared a character string “names”"' with size 10 and the string is “Priya”"'
03:28 Another syntax is
03:31 char var_name[ ] = {'S', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'} within single quotes
03:36 eg: char names[10] = {'P', 'r', 'i', 'y', 'a'} in single quotes
03:42 Let me show you how to use the first syntax with an example.
03:48 Switch back to our Editor. We will use the same example.


03:52 First, press shift, ctrl and s keys simultaneously on your keyboard
03:58 Now save the file with the name stringinitialize
04:03 Now click on Save
04:06 We are going to initialize the string.
04:08 Hence, at the 5th line, type
04:11 = and within the double quotes “Spoken- Tutorial”;
04:20 Now, click on Save
04:22 Now remove these two lines, as we are only going to print the string.
04:27 Click on Save.
04:30 Let us execute.
04:31 Come back to our terminal.
04:33 To compile, type
04:35 gcc space stringinitialize.c space -o space str2
04:44 Here we have str2 because we don't want to overwrite the output parameter str for the file string.c
04:54 Now press Enter.
04:56 To execute, type ./str2
05:00 The output is displayed as "The string is Spoken-Tutorial".
05:06 Now we will see some common errors which we can come across .
05:09 Come back to our program
05:11 Suppose here we type the spelling of string as sting
05:16 Now click on Save.
05:18 Let us execute
05:19 Come back to our terminal
05:21 Now compile as before
05:23 We see an fatal error.
05:25 sting.h: no such file or directory
05:28 compilation terminated
05:30 Come back to our program.
05:32 This is because the compiler is not able to find the header file with the name sting.h
05:39 Hence it is giving an error.
05:41 Let us fix the error.
05:43 Type r here.
05:45 Now click on Save.
05:46 Let us execute again.
05:47 Come back to our terminal.
05:50 Compile as before, execute as before.
05:54 Yes, it is working!
05:56 Now, let us see another common error.
05:59 Come back to our program.
06:02 Suppose, here, I will type int in place of char.
06:06 Now, click on Save .
06:07 Let us see what happens.
06:09 Come back to our terminal.
06:11 Let me clear the prompt.
06:15 Compile as before.
06:17 We see an error.
06:19 Wide character array initialized from non-wide string
06:24 format %s expects argument of type 'char, ' but argument 2 has type 'int'
06:32 Come back to our program.
06:36 This is because we used  %s as the format specifier for string.
06:42 And we are initializing it with an integer data type
06:47 Let us fix the error.
06:49 Type char here.
06:51 Click on Save.
06:53 Let us execute. Come back to our terminal.
06:56 Compile as before, execute as before.
07:00 Yes it is working!
07:03 Now we will see how to execute the same program in C++
07:08 Come back to our program.
07:11 Let me open our file string.c
07:15 We will edit the code here.
07:18 First, press shift, ctrl and S key simultaneously on your keyboard.
07:25 Now save the file with an extension .cpp
07:29 and click on Save.
07:33 Now we will change the header file as iostream.
07:38 Include the using statement.
07:43 Now click on Save.
07:47 Now we will delete this declaration.
07:50 And will declare a string variable.
07:53 Type string space strname and a semicolon
07:59 Click on Save.
08:02 Replace the printf statement with the cout statement.
08:07 Delete the closing bracket here.
08:11 Delete the scanf statement and type getline opening bracket closing bracket within the brackets type(cin, strname)
08:24 At the end, type a semicolon.
08:28 Now again, replace the printf statement with the cout statement.
08:36 Delete the format specifier and \n
08:40 Now delete the comma
08:42 Type two opening angle brackets, delete the bracket here.
08:49 Type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type \n
08:54 And click on Save
08:58 Here we have declared a string variable 'strname'
09:03 Since we do not use the format specifier in C++, the compiler should know that strname is a string variable.
09:13 Here we use getline to extract the characters from the input sequence.
09:18 It stores them as a string.
09:22 Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal.
09:27 Let me clear the prompt.
09:30 To compile, type
09:32 g++ space string.cpp space -o space str3
09:39 and press Enter.
09:41 To execute, type ./str3
09:46 Press Enter.
09:47 It is displayed as Enter the string
09:50 I will enter as Talk To A Teacher
09:55 Now press Enter
09:57 The output is displayed as
09:59 ' "The string is Talk To A Teacher "'
10:03 We can see that the output is similar to our C code.
10:07 Now come back to our slides.
10:10 Let us summarize
10:11 In this tutorial we learnt
10:13 Strings
10:14 Declaration of a string
10:16 eg: char strname[30]
10:20 Initialization of a string
10:21 eg: char strname[30] = “Talk To A Teacher”
10:26 As an assignment
10:28 Write a program to print a string using the 2nd syntax
10:34 Watch the video available at the link shown below
10:37 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
10:40 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
10:44 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
10:46 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
10:49 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
10:54 For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org
11:01 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project
11:04 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
11:12 More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below
11:16 This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off.
11:20 Thank You for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Kavita salve, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14

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